{"id":56385,"date":"2023-03-25T11:51:30","date_gmt":"2023-03-25T11:51:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho"},"modified":"2023-03-25T12:07:46","modified_gmt":"2023-03-25T12:07:46","slug":"pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed &#8211; hlubok\u00fd ponor do typ\u016f, proces\u016f, p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f, n\u00e1stroj\u016f, r\u00e1mc\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edho!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed je specifick\u00fd typ testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 pro aplikaci mnoho v\u00fdhod a umo\u017e\u0148uje j\u00ed pln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt jej\u00ed potenci\u00e1l.<\/p>\n<p>Zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm t\u00fdm za\u010dlen\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed do sv\u00fdch rutinn\u00edch kontrol, m\u016f\u017ee dokonce rozhodnout o tom, jak dob\u0159e bude software fungovat, zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee se tak k testovac\u00edm postup\u016fm p\u0159istupuje nov\u00fdmi a ne\u010dekan\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby. To pom\u00e1h\u00e1 tester\u016fm odhalit probl\u00e9my v aplikaci, kter\u00e9 by jinak mohly z\u016fstat nepov\u0161imnuty a\u017e do spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a zp\u016fsobit nefunk\u010dnost kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch funkc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pochopen\u00ed proces\u016f, typ\u016f a p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee pomoci nasm\u011brovat organizaci a jej\u00ed testovac\u00ed t\u00fdmy k tomu, jak je za\u010dlenit do obvykl\u00fdch kontrol.<\/p>\n<p>Existuje tak\u00e9 \u0159ada bezplatn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee t\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edvat k usnadn\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto kontrol a k odhalen\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se mohou st\u00e1t p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou v\u00fdvoje.<\/p>\n<p>V t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edru\u010dce p\u0159edstavujeme v\u00fdhody pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed spolu s kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi aspekty, kter\u00e9 by m\u011bl t\u00fdm p\u0159ed implementac\u00ed zv\u00e1\u017eit.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #b90000;color:#b90000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #b90000;color:#b90000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Co_je_pruzkumne_testovani\" >Co je pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#1_Kdy_je_treba_provest_pruzkumne_testovani\" >1. Kdy je t\u0159eba prov\u00e9st pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#2_Kdy_nepotrebujete_provadet_pruzkumne_testovani\" >2. Kdy nepot\u0159ebujete prov\u00e1d\u011bt pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#3_Kdo_se_podili_na_pruzkumnem_testovani\" >3. Kdo se pod\u00edl\u00ed na pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9m testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Zivotni_cyklus_pruzkumneho_testovani\" >\u017divotn\u00ed cyklus pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Faze_1_Uceni\" >F\u00e1ze 1: U\u010den\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Faze_2_Navrh_testu\" >F\u00e1ze 2: N\u00e1vrh testu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Faze_3_Realizace\" >F\u00e1ze 3: Realizace<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Pruzkumne_vs_skriptovane_testovani\" >Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 vs. skriptovan\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#1_Aktivni_pruzkumne_testovani\" >1. Aktivn\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#2_Pasivni_pruzkumne_testovani\" >2. Pasivn\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Techniky_pruzkumneho_testovani\" >Techniky pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#%E2%80%93_Prohlidky_s_pruvodcem\" >&#8211; Prohl\u00eddky s pr\u016fvodcem<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#%E2%80%93_Prohlidky_historie\" >&#8211; Prohl\u00eddky historie<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#%E2%80%93_Money_tour\" >&#8211; Money tour<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#%E2%80%93_Prohlidka_kriminality\" >&#8211; Prohl\u00eddka kriminality<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#%E2%80%93_Prohlidka_zadni_ulicky\" >&#8211; Prohl\u00eddka zadn\u00ed uli\u010dky<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#%E2%80%93_Intelektualni_prohlidka\" >&#8211; Intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed prohl\u00eddka<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Pristupy_pruzkumneho_testovani\" >P\u0159\u00edstupy pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#1_Pruzkumne_testovani_zalozene_na_relacich\" >1. Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na relac\u00edch<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#2_Parove_pruzkumne_testovani\" >2. P\u00e1rov\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Ktere_faktory_ovlivnuji_pruzkumne_testovani\" >Kter\u00e9 faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Typy_pruzkumneho_testovani\" >Typy pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#1_Pruzkumne_testovani_ve_volnem_stylu\" >1. Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed ve voln\u00e9m stylu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#2_Pruzkumne_testovani_zalozene_na_scenari\" >2. Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#3_Pruzkumne_testovani_zalozene_na_strategii\" >3. Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na strategii<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Manualni_nebo_automatizovane_pruzkumne_testy\" >Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo automatizovan\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testy?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Manualni_pruzkumne_testovani\" >Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#1_Vyhody_rucniho_provadeni_pruzkumnych_testu\" >1. V\u00fdhody ru\u010dn\u00edho prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch test\u016f<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Vetsi_duraz_na_pouzitelnost\" >V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u016fraz na pou\u017eitelnost<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Moznost_provadet_zmeny_v_realnem_case\" >Mo\u017enost prov\u00e1d\u011bt zm\u011bny v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Vetsi_pozornost_venovana_detailum\" >V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pozornost v\u011bnovan\u00e1 detail\u016fm<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Umi_najit_chyby_mimo_kod\" >Um\u00ed naj\u00edt chyby mimo k\u00f3d<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Zajistuje_kvalitu_v_ramci_celeho_projektu\" >Zaji\u0161\u0165uje kvalitu v r\u00e1mci cel\u00e9ho projektu<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#2_Uskali_manualniho_pruzkumneho_testovani\" >2. \u00daskal\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edho pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Moznost_lidskych_chyb\" >Mo\u017enost lidsk\u00fdch chyb<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Obecne_casove_narocnejsi\" >Obecn\u011b \u010dasov\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Zdlouhavy_proces_dokumentace\" >Zdlouhav\u00fd proces dokumentace<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Musi_znat_software_do_hloubky\" >Mus\u00ed zn\u00e1t software do hloubky<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Nakladna_udrzba\" >N\u00e1kladn\u00e1 \u00fadr\u017eba<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#3_Kdy_pouzit_manualni_pruzkumne_testovani\" >3. Kdy pou\u017e\u00edt manu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Automatizovane_pruzkumne_testovani\" >Automatizovan\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#1_Vyhody_automatizace_pruzkumnych_testu\" >1. V\u00fdhody automatizace pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch test\u016f<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Dusledne_provadeni_testu\" >D\u016fsledn\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed test\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Setri_cas_vsem\" >\u0160et\u0159\u00ed \u010das v\u0161em<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Nakladove_efektivni_pristup\" >N\u00e1kladov\u011b efektivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Prizpusobeni_pro_vice_zarizeni\" >P\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed pro v\u00edce za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Opakovane_pouzitelne_skripty\" >Opakovan\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 skripty<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#2_Vyzvy_automatizace_pruzkumnych_testu\" >2. V\u00fdzvy automatizace pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch test\u016f<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Predstavuje_pouze_jednu_stranu_testovani\" >P\u0159edstavuje pouze jednu stranu testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Nerealisticka_ocekavani_ohledne_schopnosti\" >Nerealistick\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ohledn\u011b schopnost\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Vyssi_pozadavky_na_dovednosti\" >Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed po\u017eadavky na dovednosti<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Nespravne_strategie_a_komunikace\" >Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 strategie a komunikace<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Vyber_spravneho_softwaru_pro_automatizaci\" >V\u00fdb\u011br spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho softwaru pro automatizaci<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Zaver_Automatizace_pruzkumneho_testovani_vs_manualni_pruzkumne_testovani\" >Z\u00e1v\u011br: Automatizace pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed vs. manu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Co_potrebujete_k_zahajeni_pruzkumneho_testovani\" >Co pot\u0159ebujete k zah\u00e1jen\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#1_Jasne_cile_testovani\" >1. Jasn\u00e9 c\u00edle testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#2_Kreativni_intuitivni_testeri\" >2. Kreativn\u00ed, intuitivn\u00ed teste\u0159i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#3_Soudrzna_dokumentace\" >3. Soudr\u017en\u00e1 dokumentace<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#4_Pohled_zakaznika\" >4. Pohled z\u00e1kazn\u00edka<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#5_Automatizovany_testovaci_software\" >5. Automatizovan\u00fd testovac\u00ed software<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Proces_pruzkumneho_testovani\" >Proces pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#1_Klasifikujte_postup_testovani\" >1. Klasifikujte postup testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#2_Zahajeni_testu\" >2. Zah\u00e1jen\u00ed test\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#3_Prezkoumani_vysledku\" >3. P\u0159ezkoum\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#4_Hlaseni_o_testu\" >4. Hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o testu<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-67\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Osvedcene_postupy_pro_pruzkumne_testovani\" >Osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 postupy pro pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-68\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#1_Parovani_testeru\" >1. P\u00e1rov\u00e1n\u00ed tester\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-69\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#2_Kombinace_manualnich_a_automatizovanych_testu\" >2. Kombinace manu\u00e1ln\u00edch a automatizovan\u00fdch test\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-70\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#3_Porozumet_trhu\" >3. Porozum\u011bt trhu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-71\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#4_Pouziti_skutecnych_zarizeni_pro_testovani\" >4. Pou\u017eit\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-72\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Typy_vystupu_z_pruzkumneho_testu\" >Typy v\u00fdstup\u016f z pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testu<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-73\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#1_Vysledky_testu\" >1. V\u00fdsledky test\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-74\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#2_Zkusebni_protokoly\" >2. Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed protokoly<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-75\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#3_Zkusebni_protokoly\" >3. Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed protokoly<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-76\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Priklady_pruzkumneho_testovani\" >P\u0159\u00edklady pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-77\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#1_Mobilni_herni_aplikace\" >1. Mobiln\u00ed hern\u00ed aplikace<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-78\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#2_Webove_stranky_poskytovatele_sluzeb\" >2. Webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky poskytovatele slu\u017eeb<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-79\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#3_System_rizeni_nemocnice\" >3. Syst\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nemocnice<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-80\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Typy_chyb_a_nedostatku_zjistenych_pri_pruzkumnem_testovani\" >Typy chyb a nedostatk\u016f zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch p\u0159i pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9m testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-81\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#1_Nekompatibilni_funkce\" >1. Nekompatibiln\u00ed funkce<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-82\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#2_Nespravny_navrh_uzivatelskeho_rozhrani\" >2. Nespr\u00e1vn\u00fd n\u00e1vrh u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-83\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#3_Chyby_pri_overovani\" >3. Chyby p\u0159i ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-84\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#4_Mrtvy_kod\" >4. Mrtv\u00fd k\u00f3d<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-85\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Bezne_metriky_pruzkumneho_testovani\" >B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 metriky pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-86\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#1_Metriky_testu_vykonnosti\" >1. Metriky test\u016f v\u00fdkonnosti<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-87\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#2_Metriky_pokryti_testu\" >2. Metriky pokryt\u00ed test\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-88\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#3_Celkova_ucinnost_testu\" >3. Celkov\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost testu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-89\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#4_Rozlozeni_zavad\" >4. Rozlo\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1vad<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-90\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#5_Regresni_metriky\" >5. Regresn\u00ed metriky<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-91\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Vyjasneni_nekterych_nejasnosti_Testy_ad_hoc_vs_pruzkumne_testy\" >Vyjasn\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch nejasnost\u00ed: Testy ad hoc vs. pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testy<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-92\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#1_Co_je_testovani_ad_hoc\" >1. Co je testov\u00e1n\u00ed ad hoc?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-93\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#2_Rozdily_mezi_pruzkumnym_testovanim_a_testy_ad_hoc\" >2. Rozd\u00edly mezi pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdm testov\u00e1n\u00edm a testy ad hoc<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-94\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Pruzkumne_testovani_v_agilnim_pristupu\" >Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed v agiln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-95\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#7_chyb_a_nastrah_kterym_je_treba_se_vyhnout_pri_provadeni_pruzkumnych_testu\" >7 chyb a n\u00e1strah, kter\u00fdm je t\u0159eba se vyhnout p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch test\u016f<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-96\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#1_Nevyvazene_manualniautomaticke_testovani\" >1. Nevyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 manu\u00e1ln\u00ed\/automatick\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-97\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#2_Casova_omezeni\" >2. \u010casov\u00e1 omezen\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-98\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#3_Nepruzne_testery\" >3. Nepru\u017en\u00e9 testery<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-99\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#4_Obtizna_replikace_selhani\" >4. Obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1 replikace selh\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-100\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#5_Nejasna_dokumentace\" >5. Nejasn\u00e1 dokumentace<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-101\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#6_Vysoka_ocekavani\" >6. Vysok\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-102\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#7_Nespravna_automatizace\" >7. Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e1 automatizace<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-103\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#5_nejlepsich_bezplatnych_nastroju_pro_pruzkumne_testovani\" >5 nejlep\u0161\u00edch bezplatn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-104\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#1_ZAPTEST_FREE_Edition\" >1. ZAPTEST FREE Edition<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-105\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#2_Vyzkumna_aplikace_XRAY\" >2. V\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 aplikace XRAY<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-106\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#3_Magnet_na_brouky\" >3. Magnet na brouky<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-107\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#4_Testovaci_plany_Azure\" >4. Testovac\u00ed pl\u00e1ny Azure<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-108\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#5_Testiny\" >5. Testiny<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-109\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Kdy_byste_meli_pouzit_nastroje_pro_pruzkumne_testy_pro_podniky_a_kdy_pro_bezplatne_nastroje\" >Kdy byste m\u011bli pou\u017e\u00edt n\u00e1stroje pro pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testy pro podniky a kdy pro bezplatn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-110\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Kontrolni_seznam_pruzkumneho_testovani_tipy_a_triky\" >Kontroln\u00ed seznam pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed, tipy a triky<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-111\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#1_Vhodne_rozdelte_funkce_a_moduly\" >1. Vhodn\u011b rozd\u011blte funkce a moduly<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-112\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#2_Prace_na_pochopeni_softwaru\" >2. Pr\u00e1ce na pochopen\u00ed softwaru<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-113\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#3_Zjistete_problematicke_oblasti\" >3. Zjist\u011bte problematick\u00e9 oblasti<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-114\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#4_Zacnete_se_zakladnimi_uzivatelskymi_scenari\" >4. Za\u010dn\u011bte se z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdmi sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-115\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#5_Vytvoreni_dvojice_testeru\" >5. Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed dvojice tester\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-116\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#6_Provedte_nekolik_testu\" >6. Prove\u010fte n\u011bkolik test\u016f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-117\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Zaver\" >Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-118\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#Casto_kladene_dotazy_a_zdroje\" >\u010casto kladen\u00e9 dotazy a zdroje<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-119\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#1_Nejlepsi_kurzy_automatizace_pruzkumnych_testu\" >1. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed kurzy automatizace pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch test\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-120\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#2_Jakych_je_5_nejcastejsich_otazek_pri_pohovorech_o_pruzkumnem_testovani\" >2. Jak\u00fdch je 5 nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ot\u00e1zek p\u0159i pohovorech o pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9m testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-121\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#3_Nejlepsi_vyukove_programy_na_YouTube_o_pruzkumnem_testovani\" >3. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdukov\u00e9 programy na YouTube o pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9m testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-122\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#4_Jak_udrzovat_pruzkumne_testy\" >4. Jak udr\u017eovat pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testy?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-123\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\/#5_Je_pruzkumne_testovani_black-box_testovani\" >5. Je pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed black-box testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_pruzkumne_testovani\"><\/span><strong>Co je pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed kombinuje f\u00e1zi n\u00e1vrhu a proveden\u00ed testu, co\u017e tester\u016fm zaji\u0161\u0165uje naprostou volnost p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci a umo\u017e\u0148uje jim pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b zefektiv\u0148ovat svou pr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i kontrole softwaru tyto t\u00fdmy pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b objev\u00ed nov\u00e9 komponenty, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed d\u016fkladnou kontrolu, a mohou snadno p\u0159ij\u00edt s nov\u00fdmi testy, kter\u00e9 by aplikaci prosp\u011bly.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed je podobn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed ad hoc, ale \u0159\u00edd\u00ed se mnohem p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dokumentac\u00ed a zahrnuje tak\u00e9 aktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed proces u\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e9n\u011b strukturovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup pom\u00e1h\u00e1 tester\u016fm zjistit, jak bude aplikace pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b reagovat na re\u00e1ln\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e a testovac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady, a slou\u017e\u00ed jako d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd dopln\u011bk skriptovan\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Kvalita pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00fdmu \u010dasto z\u00e1vis\u00ed na dovednostech jednotliv\u00fdch tester\u016f, proto\u017ee kontroly vy\u017eaduj\u00ed kreativitu a d\u016fkladn\u00e9 porozum\u011bn\u00ed softwaru. Jedn\u00e1 se o proces neust\u00e1l\u00e9ho objevov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m teste\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed deduktivn\u00ed uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed jako vod\u00edtko pro celkovou techniku.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, jak by u\u017eivatel\u00e9 mohli software pou\u017e\u00edvat. V\u011bt\u0161ina u\u017eivatel\u016f najde chyby a probl\u00e9my n\u00e1hodou, tak\u017ee tyto neskriptovan\u00e9 procesy mohou tester\u016fm pomoci naj\u00edt probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 by p\u0159edem stanoven\u00e9 kontroly neodhalily.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fdm m\u016f\u017ee tento postup tak\u00e9 automatizovat, aby zajistil vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 efektivity.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Kdy_je_treba_provest_pruzkumne_testovani\"><\/span><strong>1. Kdy je t\u0159eba prov\u00e9st pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed je obecn\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v ka\u017ed\u00e9m procesu testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru, vynik\u00e1 v\u0161ak zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed rychl\u00e9 zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby o aplikaci.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fdm m\u016f\u017ee tyto kontroly za\u010dlenit tak\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee mu dojdou skriptovan\u00e9 testy. Bez jasn\u00e9ho sm\u011bru kontroly softwaru m\u016f\u017ee pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoci odhalit probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 se vymykaj\u00ed standardn\u00edm kontrol\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<p>Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed r\u016fznorod\u00fdch testovac\u00edch postup\u016f umo\u017e\u0148uje tester\u016fm pochopit tento software na mnohem hlub\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni v jak\u00e9koli f\u00e1zi, ale jejich v\u010dasn\u00e9 proveden\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159in\u00e9st v\u00edce v\u00fdhod.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fdmy mohou v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby pozd\u011bji prov\u00e9st pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testy znovu, aby m\u011bly v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed klid.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Kdy_nepotrebujete_provadet_pruzkumne_testovani\"><\/span><strong>2. Kdy nepot\u0159ebujete prov\u00e1d\u011bt pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Existuje n\u011bkolik sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kdy pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed nep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody, a\u010dkoli pro testery m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed po\u010dkat, dokud software nebude m\u00edt svou z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funk\u010dnost.<\/p>\n<p>Funkce aplikace se obvykle vz\u00e1jemn\u011b prol\u00ednaj\u00ed nebo ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testy jedn\u00e9 funkce mohou b\u00fdt zastaral\u00e9, jakmile v\u00fdvojov\u00fd t\u00fdm p\u0159id\u00e1 do tohoto softwaru dal\u0161\u00ed funkce.<\/p>\n<p>Tyto testy je tak\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9 bez probl\u00e9m\u016f prov\u00e1d\u011bt spole\u010dn\u011b se skriptovan\u00fdmi kontrolami za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee teste\u0159i mohou zajistit d\u016fkladnou dokumentaci, aby nedo\u0161lo k z\u00e1m\u011bn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed je v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi typy testov\u00e1n\u00ed velmi univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed, a proto jsou tyto kontroly velmi dob\u0159e pou\u017eiteln\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Kdo_se_podili_na_pruzkumnem_testovani\"><\/span><strong>3. Kdo se pod\u00edl\u00ed na pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9m testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Na pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9m testov\u00e1n\u00ed se v ur\u010dit\u00e9m ohledu pod\u00edl\u00ed mnoho pracovn\u00edk\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Tyto testy mohou prov\u00e1d\u011bt teste\u0159i softwaru s jakoukoli \u00farovn\u00ed dovednost\u00ed, av\u0161ak \u010dlenov\u00e9 t\u00fdmu, kte\u0159\u00ed l\u00e9pe rozum\u00ed softwaru, mohou navrhnout v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch kontrol.<\/p>\n<p>Zku\u0161enosti mohou tak\u00e9 ovlivnit jejich schopnost ur\u010dit neju\u017eite\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed testy.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i softwaru, kte\u0159\u00ed uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00fdsledky t\u011bchto test\u016f, p\u0159ijmou p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhy a \u010dasto vyvinou vlastn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<p>Jejich odezva na testy umo\u017e\u0148uje, aby aplikace dos\u00e1hla stavu vhodn\u00e9ho pro \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 uvoln\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Projektov\u00ed mana\u017ee\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed na cel\u00fd tento proces dohl\u00ed\u017eej\u00ed a kte\u0159\u00ed mohou dokonce rozhodovat o tom, kter\u00e9 typy testov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00fdmy pou\u017eij\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Mohou b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 zodpov\u011bdn\u00ed za n\u00e1kup softwaru pro t\u00fdmy, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee zefektivnit nebo dokonce automatizovat testy.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zivotni_cyklus_pruzkumneho_testovani\"><\/span><strong>\u017divotn\u00ed cyklus pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Proces pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed je siln\u011b zam\u011b\u0159en na svobodu testera, ale p\u0159esto m\u00e1 ur\u010ditou strukturu.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed t\u0159i f\u00e1ze tohoto p\u0159\u00edstupu jsou:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Faze_1_Uceni\"><\/span><strong>F\u00e1ze 1: U\u010den\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Teste\u0159i za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee dob\u0159e porozum\u00ed softwaru a jeho funkc\u00edm &#8211; kriticky je analyzuj\u00ed a zji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed, jak do sebe zapadaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>To umo\u017e\u0148uje testerovi zjistit obvykl\u00e9 vstupy, kter\u00e9 by u\u017eivatel mohl prov\u00e9st, a\u010dkoli ji\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zn\u00e1t aplikaci a jej\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>F\u00e1ze u\u010den\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee vy\u017eadovat i v\u00fdukov\u00fd program pro ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru. Jedn\u00e1 se o f\u00e1zi zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 testera vybav\u00ed v\u0161emi informacemi pot\u0159ebn\u00fdmi k tomu, aby mohl navrhnout rozs\u00e1hlou \u0161k\u00e1lu u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch test\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Faze_2_Navrh_testu\"><\/span><strong>F\u00e1ze 2: N\u00e1vrh testu<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1vrh pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch test\u016f sice zahrnuje r\u016fzn\u00e1 pravidla a parametry, ale ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se skriptovan\u00fdm testov\u00e1n\u00edm, jeho\u017e specifika jsou zn\u00e1ma je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed, nab\u00edz\u00ed podstatn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed volnost.<\/p>\n<p>Tester m\u016f\u017ee navrhnout kontroly, kter\u00e9 podle n\u011bj p\u0159esn\u011bji odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed aplikaci, a m\u016f\u017ee tak pro v\u00fdvojov\u00fd t\u00fdm odhalit cenn\u00e9 \u00fadaje, v\u010detn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch chyb, kter\u00e9 by m\u011bl opravit.<\/p>\n<p>Testovac\u00ed t\u00fdmy v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi zji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed, jak\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup zvolit a jak rozd\u011blit pr\u00e1ci mezi jednotliv\u00e9 testery tak, aby byly vyu\u017eity jejich siln\u00e9 str\u00e1nky.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Faze_3_Realizace\"><\/span><strong>F\u00e1ze 3: Realizace<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Po navr\u017een\u00ed kontrol, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt pou\u017eity, mohou nyn\u00ed teste\u0159i kontrolovat aplikaci zp\u016fsoby, kter\u00e9 pova\u017euj\u00ed za nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed &#8211; mohou je prov\u00e1d\u011bt ihned po navr\u017een\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho testu.<\/p>\n<p>V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi teste\u0159i aktivn\u011b hledaj\u00ed probl\u00e9my a zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm by se odhalen\u00e9 probl\u00e9my mohly prom\u00edtnout do dal\u0161\u00edch funkc\u00ed a vlastnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee je do prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch test\u016f zapojena ur\u010dit\u00e1 m\u00edra intuitivn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, st\u00e1le se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed stanoven\u00fdmi postupy a c\u00edli, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje plynul\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se m\u016f\u017ee snadno p\u0159izp\u016fsobit konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm c\u00edl\u016fm testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pruzkumne_vs_skriptovane_testovani\"><\/span><strong>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 vs. skriptovan\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed je vlastn\u011b opakem skriptovan\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed, a\u010dkoli oboj\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159ipravenosti aplikace k vyd\u00e1n\u00ed. Ta je obvykle form\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a strukturovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a zahrnuje mnoho rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch test\u016f ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdmi kontrolami, kter\u00e9 jsou \u010dasto specifi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro funk\u010dnost aplikace.<\/p>\n<p>Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed toho je i to, \u017ee pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed je v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, zat\u00edmco skriptovan\u00e9 testy mohou m\u00edt probl\u00e9my, pokud dojde k velk\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m v softwaru. Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testy mohou odhalit chyby a rychleji proti nim zas\u00e1hnout, co\u017e je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 rychl\u00e1 zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Aktivni_pruzkumne_testovani\"><\/span><strong>1. Aktivn\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Aktivn\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee tester navrhne automatick\u00fd skript pro sv\u00e9 kontroly, kter\u00fd jin\u00fd tester provede. Tyto skripty p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b zohled\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00ed testy.<\/p>\n<p>Oba teste\u0159i si obvykle v pr\u016fb\u011bhu kontroly vym\u011bn\u00ed role, aby dvakr\u00e1t zkontrolovali spolehlivost t\u011bchto skript\u016f a proces\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Aktivn\u00ed testy maj\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed pokryt\u00ed, ani\u017e by byla ob\u011btov\u00e1na specifi\u010dnost pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch kontrol. Tyto skripty tak\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed dokumentaci, co\u017e usnad\u0148uje reprodukci probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 teste\u0159i naleznou.<\/p>\n<p>Dokumentace je nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed aktivn\u00edch test\u016f, proto\u017ee pom\u00e1h\u00e1 z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdm stran\u00e1m sledovat celkov\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh aplikace.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Pasivni_pruzkumne_testovani\"><\/span><strong>2. Pasivn\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pasivn\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed vy\u017eaduje pouze jednoho testera, i kdy\u017e pr\u00e1ce ve dvojici m\u016f\u017ee proces je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce zefektivnit.<\/p>\n<p>Tento p\u0159\u00edstup zahrnuje specifick\u00fd software, kter\u00fd zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010dinnosti tester\u016f a poskytuje jim snadn\u00e9 kroky k replikaci jak\u00e9hokoli odhalen\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu. Obvykle se jedn\u00e1 o video s koment\u00e1\u0159em testera, kter\u00fd krok za krokem vysv\u011btluje sv\u00e9 kroky.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1znam procesu testov\u00e1n\u00ed tak\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje z\u00edskat p\u0159ehled o v\u00fdkonu aplikace, v\u010detn\u011b rychlosti reakce na vstupn\u00ed po\u017eadavky.<\/p>\n<p>Pasivn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed poskytuje tester\u016fm i v\u00fdvojov\u00e9mu t\u00fdmu mno\u017estv\u00ed podrobn\u00fdch informac\u00ed o fungov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Techniky_pruzkumneho_testovani\"><\/span><strong>Techniky pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed obvykle prob\u00edh\u00e1 formou &#8222;prohl\u00eddky&#8220;, kdy tester prozkoum\u00e1v\u00e1 software co nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fdm si m\u016f\u017ee vybrat z r\u016fzn\u00fdch prohl\u00eddek, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%93_Prohlidky_s_pruvodcem\"><\/span><strong>&#8211; Prohl\u00eddky s pr\u016fvodcem<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Tento p\u0159\u00edstup up\u0159ednost\u0148uje zv\u00fdrazn\u011bn\u00e9 funkce aplikace, \u010d\u00edm\u017e v\u011brn\u011b kop\u00edruje zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm se softwarem pracuje b\u011b\u017en\u00fd u\u017eivatel, a odhaluje probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 by p\u0159irozen\u011b na\u0161el.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%93_Prohlidky_historie\"><\/span><strong>&#8211; Prohl\u00eddky historie<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Tato prohl\u00eddka zkontroluje nejstar\u0161\u00ed funkce aplikace a ujist\u00ed se, \u017ee jsou st\u00e1le funk\u010dn\u00ed; to je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i p\u0159idali nov\u00e9 funkce, kter\u00e9 jsou s nimi v rozporu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%93_Money_tour\"><\/span><strong>&#8211; Money tour<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Tento pr\u016fzkumn\u00fd test prov\u011b\u0159uje kritick\u00e9 funkce aplikace, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b ty, za jejich\u017e p\u0159\u00edstup z\u00e1kazn\u00edci a klienti plat\u00ed pen\u00edze &#8211; ty maj\u00ed pro testovac\u00ed t\u00fdm obvykle nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed prioritu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%93_Prohlidka_kriminality\"><\/span><strong>&#8211; Prohl\u00eddka kriminality<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Teste\u0159i n\u011bkdy aktivn\u011b pracuj\u00ed na rozbit\u00ed aplikace nebo na vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed negativn\u00edch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad zad\u00e1vaj\u00ed neplatn\u00e9 informace a zkoumaj\u00ed, jak na n\u011b aplikace reaguje.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%93_Prohlidka_zadni_ulicky\"><\/span><strong>&#8211; Prohl\u00eddka zadn\u00ed uli\u010dky<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Tento proces zahrnuje funkce, kter\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vyu\u017eije m\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f; ty jsou stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro jak\u00fdkoli testovac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup, zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee budou interagovat s dal\u0161\u00edmi funkcemi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%93_Intelektualni_prohlidka\"><\/span><strong>&#8211; Intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed prohl\u00eddka<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Tato prohl\u00eddka posouv\u00e1 aplikaci d\u00e1le a testuje nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed funkce s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi (n\u011bkdy maxim\u00e1ln\u00edmi) hodnotami, aby se zjistila rychlost zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pristupy_pruzkumneho_testovani\"><\/span><strong>P\u0159\u00edstupy pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Existuj\u00ed dva hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupy k pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9mu testov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Pruzkumne_testovani_zalozene_na_relacich\"><\/span><strong>1. Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na relac\u00edch<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o \u010dasovou techniku, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem je kvantifikovat proces testov\u00e1n\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00edm na &#8222;relace&#8220; se dv\u011bma slo\u017ekami: misemi a kartami.<\/p>\n<p>Mise je \u00fa\u010delem a dobou trv\u00e1n\u00ed dan\u00e9 relace, kter\u00e1 poskytuje pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9mu testerovi jasn\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Charta stanovuje rozsah ka\u017ed\u00e9 relace a podrobn\u011b popisuje v\u0161echny konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed c\u00edle, kter\u00e9 chce tester splnit. V\u00fdsledkem je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 odpov\u011bdnosti (a dokumentace) d\u00edky rozd\u011blen\u00ed t\u011bchto kontrol na l\u00e9pe zvl\u00e1dnuteln\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti.<\/p>\n<p>Testy zalo\u017een\u00e9 na relac\u00edch tak\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed produktivitu a poskytuj\u00ed tester\u016fm jasn\u00e9 metriky a informace o \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Parove_pruzkumne_testovani\"><\/span><strong>2. P\u00e1rov\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>P\u00e1rov\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed je podobn\u00e9 aktivn\u00edmu pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9mu testov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee zahrnuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pr\u00e1ci ve dvojic\u00edch &#8211; obvykle na stejn\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed &#8211; za \u00fa\u010delem pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 sou\u010dasn\u00e9 kontroly aplikace. P\u0159i tomto uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed jeden tester navrhuje \u0159adu testovac\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f a vede si pozn\u00e1mky o pr\u016fb\u011bhu, zat\u00edmco druh\u00fd testuje software.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i p\u00e1rov\u00e9m testov\u00e1n\u00ed je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed komunikace, proto\u017ee d\u00edky n\u00ed jsou oba teste\u0159i obezn\u00e1meni s kontrolami a jejich \u00fa\u010delem.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud tyto dvojice p\u0159i\u0159azujete sami, dbejte na to, abyste zohlednili siln\u00e9 a slab\u00e9 str\u00e1nky ka\u017ed\u00e9ho testera, proto\u017ee to v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed vytvo\u0159it siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed procesy pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ktere_faktory_ovlivnuji_pruzkumne_testovani\"><\/span><strong>Kter\u00e9 faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mezi faktory, kter\u00e9 mohou ovlivnit kvalitu pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00fdmu, pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Hlavn\u00ed c\u00edl a z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funkce softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed c\u00edle testov\u00e1n\u00ed v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 f\u00e1zi aplikace.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Individu\u00e1ln\u00ed role a schopnosti jednotliv\u00fdch tester\u016f v t\u00fdmu.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Dostupn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, nap\u0159\u00edklad bezplatn\u00fd software pro automatizaci test\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Podpora, kter\u00e9 se tester\u016fm dost\u00e1v\u00e1 od koleg\u016f nebo veden\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Po\u017eadavky klienta a aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 trendy na trhu.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Snadn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed aplikace, nap\u0159\u00edklad plynulost rozhran\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u010cas, kter\u00fd maj\u00ed teste\u0159i na dokon\u010den\u00ed testovac\u00ed f\u00e1ze.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Vstupy a dal\u0161\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e1 data, kter\u00e1 teste\u0159i hodlaj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Funkce, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i postupem \u010dasu do softwaru p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Typy_pruzkumneho_testovani\"><\/span><strong>Typy pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>T\u0159i hlavn\u00ed typy pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee t\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edt, jsou:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Pruzkumne_testovani_ve_volnem_stylu\"><\/span><strong>1. Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed ve voln\u00e9m stylu<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Voln\u00fd styl testov\u00e1n\u00ed zahrnuje ad hoc p\u0159\u00edstup ke kontrole aplikace. Tato metoda m\u00e1 jen m\u00e1lo pravidel, tak\u017ee jej\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost se m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161it; n\u011bkter\u00e9 softwary a komponenty vy\u017eaduj\u00ed robustn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodiku.<\/p>\n<p>Tyto kontroly by p\u0159esto mohly b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00ednosn\u00e9, proto\u017ee by pomohly tester\u016fm sezn\u00e1mit se s touto aplikac\u00ed a potvrdit pr\u00e1ci p\u0159edchoz\u00edho testera.<\/p>\n<p>I bez p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdch pravidel mohou zku\u0161en\u00ed a zku\u0161en\u00ed teste\u0159i snadno vyu\u017e\u00edt form\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed ve sv\u016fj prosp\u011bch. Mohou snadno proch\u00e1zet v\u0161emi aspekty softwaru &#8211; v n\u011bkter\u00fdch situac\u00edch jsou pravidla testov\u00e1n\u00ed omezuj\u00edc\u00ed a mohou ne\u00famysln\u011b omezit v\u00fdsledky t\u00fdmu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Pruzkumne_testovani_zalozene_na_scenari\"><\/span><strong>2. Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Testov\u00e1n\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u00edch vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako z\u00e1klad ka\u017ed\u00e9ho testu re\u00e1ln\u00e9 situace, nap\u0159\u00edklad kontrolu vstup\u016f, kter\u00e9 u\u017eivatel\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b provedou b\u011bhem typick\u00e9ho provozu tohoto softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>Teste\u0159i tvrd\u011b pracuj\u00ed na tom, aby ka\u017ed\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159, kter\u00fd vymysl\u00ed, odpov\u00eddal tomu, jak u\u017eivatel s aplikac\u00ed pracuje.<\/p>\n<p>\u010cas m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt omezen\u00edm, proto\u017ee c\u00edlem t\u00fdmu je otestovat co nejv\u00edce sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f; v z\u00e1vislosti na term\u00ednech, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159ed n\u00e1mi, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 pokr\u00fdt v\u0161echny mo\u017enosti.<\/p>\n<p>Teste\u0159i by m\u011bli pou\u017e\u00edvat \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu test\u016f v r\u016fzn\u00fdch kategori\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Pruzkumne_testovani_zalozene_na_strategii\"><\/span><strong>3. Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na strategii<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Testov\u00e1n\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na strategii zahrnuje \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu specifick\u00fdch metod, v\u010detn\u011b testov\u00e1n\u00ed hrani\u010dn\u00edch hodnot, technik ekvivalence, technik zalo\u017een\u00fdch na riziku a dal\u0161\u00edch. To obecn\u011b up\u0159ednost\u0148uje testery, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou s aplikac\u00ed ji\u017e obezn\u00e1meni, proto\u017ee mohou vyvinout na m\u00edru \u0161it\u00e9 strategie, kter\u00e9 tyto jednotliv\u00e9 metody zahrnuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edstup zalo\u017een\u00fd na strategii se zam\u011b\u0159uje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na funk\u010dnost softwaru (a jeho vnit\u0159n\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed), ani\u017e by se zab\u00fdval mo\u017en\u00fdmi sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i, kter\u00e9 by mohly v\u00e9st u\u017eivatele k probl\u00e9m\u016fm, kter\u00e9 se objevuj\u00ed. To by mohlo v\u00e9st k \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdze aplikace a jej\u00edch r\u016fzn\u00fdch funkc\u00ed, potenci\u00e1ln\u011b do v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hloubky ne\u017e r\u016fzn\u00e9 jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Manualni_nebo_automatizovane_pruzkumne_testy\"><\/span><strong>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo automatizovan\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testy?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Testovac\u00ed t\u00fdmy mohou prov\u00e1d\u011bt pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 kontroly bu\u010f ru\u010dn\u011b, nebo je mohou automatizovat. Ob\u011b mo\u017enosti mohou p\u0159in\u00e9st obrovsk\u00e9 v\u00fdhody; spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 volba \u010dasto z\u00e1vis\u00ed na specifik\u00e1ch projektu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Manualni_pruzkumne_testovani\"><\/span><strong>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rozsah kontrol na m\u00edru. A\u010dkoli to m\u016f\u017ee trvat d\u00e9le, proto\u017ee lid\u0161t\u00ed teste\u0159i jsou pomalej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, ru\u010dn\u00ed kontrola m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 p\u0159i ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti.<\/p>\n<p>Tester se sna\u017e\u00ed nejen zajistit, aby v\u0161echny funkce aplikace fungovaly tak, jak maj\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 zjistit, zda ji u\u017eivatel\u00e9 mohou snadno ovl\u00e1dat. Jedn\u00e1 se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b o nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formu pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee je nutn\u011b nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Vyhody_rucniho_provadeni_pruzkumnych_testu\"><\/span><strong>1. V\u00fdhody ru\u010dn\u00edho prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch test\u016f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mezi v\u00fdhody manu\u00e1ln\u00edho pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vetsi_duraz_na_pouzitelnost\"><\/span><em><strong>V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u016fraz na pou\u017eitelnost<\/strong><\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Automatizovan\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testy si mohou v\u0161imnout nesrovnalost\u00ed v softwaru, ale nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt schopny tyto probl\u00e9my interpretovat stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem jako lidsk\u00fd tester.<\/p>\n<p>To zahrnuje pochopen\u00ed toho, jak se u\u017eivatel\u00e9 softwaru pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b budou pohybovat nebo jak budou s aplikac\u00ed pracovat, co\u017e automatizace nem\u016f\u017ee zohlednit.<\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00ed teste\u0159i mohou nab\u00eddnout v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby, v\u010detn\u011b konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch podrobnost\u00ed o tom, jak nalezen\u00e9 probl\u00e9my ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed celkov\u00fd software nebo celkov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Moznost_provadet_zmeny_v_realnem_case\"><\/span><em><strong>Mo\u017enost prov\u00e1d\u011bt zm\u011bny v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase<\/strong><\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Jednou z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch v\u00fdhod pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed je, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 identifikovat pot\u0159ebu testu a prov\u00e9st jej relativn\u011b rychle p\u0159ed aukc\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch vylep\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Automatizovan\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed je obecn\u011b mnohem rychlej\u0161\u00ed proces, ale teste\u0159i mus\u00ed po\u010dkat, a\u017e bude v\u0161e dokon\u010deno, a teprve pot\u00e9 prov\u00e9st zm\u011bny &#8211; manu\u00e1ln\u00ed teste\u0159i to mohou ud\u011blat je\u0161t\u011b v pr\u016fb\u011bhu pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>To je v\u0161ak \u010dasto mo\u017en\u00e9 pouze u chyb, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed dopad na men\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vetsi_pozornost_venovana_detailum\"><\/span><em><strong>V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pozornost v\u011bnovan\u00e1 detail\u016fm<\/strong><\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v objevov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f testov\u00e1n\u00ed aplikace a z\u00e1rove\u0148 v jej\u00edm pochopen\u00ed; to n\u011bkdy m\u016f\u017ee znamenat, \u017ee jeden test vede k dal\u0161\u00edmu, proto\u017ee tester dostane n\u00e1pady.<\/p>\n<p>Automatizovan\u00e9 testy to nemus\u00ed zohlednit, proto\u017ee testovac\u00ed t\u00fdm m\u00e1 relativn\u011b voln\u00e9 ruce. Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed teste\u0159i se neust\u00e1le zdokonaluj\u00ed ve znalostech softwaru a vym\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed nov\u00e9, ale stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 testy &#8211; to v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9, pokud je automatizuje software t\u0159et\u00edch stran.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Umi_najit_chyby_mimo_kod\"><\/span><em><strong>Um\u00ed naj\u00edt chyby mimo k\u00f3d<\/strong><\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 kontroly umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed tester\u016fm prozkoumat v\u0161echny aspekty aplikace a softwaru, a to i mimo samotn\u00fd k\u00f3d.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoho automatizovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f se omezuje na k\u00f3d a jeho fungov\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k tomu, \u017ee si testovac\u00ed t\u00fdmy nev\u0161imnou probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 se mohou objevit v jin\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech aplikace.<\/p>\n<p>To z\u00e1vis\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na pou\u017eit\u00e9m automatiza\u010dn\u00edm softwaru, proto\u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed mohou nab\u00edzet \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9mu testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zajistuje_kvalitu_v_ramci_celeho_projektu\"><\/span><em><strong>Zaji\u0161\u0165uje kvalitu v r\u00e1mci cel\u00e9ho projektu<\/strong><\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Automatizovan\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 kontroly hledaj\u00ed v aplikaci pouze chyby a metriky; manu\u00e1ln\u00ed teste\u0159i by m\u00edsto toho mohli software zkontrolovat a poskytnout vlastn\u00ed komplexn\u00ed zp\u011btnou vazbu.<\/p>\n<p>Mohou nap\u0159\u00edklad otestovat k\u00f3d a zjistit, \u017ee je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 slo\u017eit\u00fd &#8211; co\u017e je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee mrtv\u00fd k\u00f3d m\u016f\u017ee zpomalovat v\u00fdkon, ale automatizovan\u00e9 procesy by ho efektivn\u011b neodhalily.<\/p>\n<p>Znalosti testera o softwaru mohou b\u00fdt n\u00e1pomocn\u00e9 p\u0159i diagnostice probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 se objev\u00ed b\u011bhem dal\u0161\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Uskali_manualniho_pruzkumneho_testovani\"><\/span><strong>2. \u00daskal\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edho pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mezi probl\u00e9my manu\u00e1ln\u00edho pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Moznost_lidskych_chyb\"><\/span><em><strong>Mo\u017enost lidsk\u00fdch chyb<\/strong><\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Automatizovan\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee prov\u00e1d\u011bt p\u0159esn\u011b stejnou kontrolu tolikr\u00e1t, kolikr\u00e1t je t\u0159eba, ani\u017e by se zm\u011bnil p\u0159esn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh, co\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165uje konzistenci a spolehliv\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky.<\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed je n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 na lidsk\u00e9 chyby, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee tester m\u016f\u017ee zadat \u0161patnou hodnotu. Obvykle je mo\u017en\u00e9 tyto testy p\u0159ekontrolovat a opravit p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 nesrovnalosti, proto\u017ee se mohou zd\u00e1t z\u0159ejm\u00e9 i na prvn\u00ed pohled.<\/p>\n<p>Opakov\u00e1n\u00ed testu po zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed chyby v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee zabrat v\u00edce \u010dasu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Obecne_casove_narocnejsi\"><\/span><em><strong>Obecn\u011b \u010dasov\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/strong><\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>I kdy\u017e teste\u0159i provedou ka\u017edou pr\u016fzkumnou kontrolu spr\u00e1vn\u011b a bez lidsk\u00fdch chyb, zabere tento celkov\u00fd proces ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s automatizovan\u00fdm softwarem, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee testy vypo\u010d\u00edtat mnohem rychleji, zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u010dasu.<\/p>\n<p>To by mohl b\u00fdt rozd\u00edl minim\u00e1ln\u011b n\u011bkolika hodin; \u010das, kter\u00fd by teste\u0159i mohli str\u00e1vit na \u010d\u00e1stech aplikace, kter\u00e9 by z automatizace nem\u011bly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd u\u017eitek.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testy tak\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed neust\u00e1l\u00fd dohled, zat\u00edmco automatizace umo\u017e\u0148uje spou\u0161t\u011bt testy p\u0159es noc.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zdlouhavy_proces_dokumentace\"><\/span><em><strong>Zdlouhav\u00fd proces dokumentace<\/strong><\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Stejn\u011b tak by ru\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace v pr\u016fb\u011bhu a po ukon\u010den\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed mohla zbyte\u010dn\u011b zat\u011b\u017eovat proces pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>To zt\u011b\u017euje sledov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bn a \u00faprav softwaru v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu &#8211; automatizovan\u00fd software je obvykle schopen tuto skute\u010dnost intuitivn\u011b zohlednit p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed test\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o dal\u0161\u00ed administrativn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost, kter\u00e1 ub\u00edr\u00e1 \u010das a energii jin\u00fdm z\u00e1le\u017eitostem, co\u017e fakticky sni\u017euje rozsah a \u0161\u00ed\u0159i celkov\u00e9ho postupu testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Musi_znat_software_do_hloubky\"><\/span><em><strong>Mus\u00ed zn\u00e1t software do hloubky<\/strong><\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed teste\u0159i s jakoukoli \u00farovn\u00ed dovednost\u00ed mohou aplikaci zkontrolovat a d\u016fkladn\u011b otestovat. D\u016fvodem je pr\u00e1ce, kterou v\u011bnuj\u00ed pochopen\u00ed softwaru &#8211; prvn\u00ed f\u00e1ze pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho procesu.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud se v\u0161ak tester sna\u017e\u00ed nebo zanedb\u00e1v\u00e1 nau\u010dit, jak tato aplikace funguje, bude m\u00edt pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b probl\u00e9my s navr\u017een\u00edm a proveden\u00edm vhodn\u00e9ho rozsahu test\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Dobr\u00e1 znalost softwaru umo\u017e\u0148uje tester\u016fm j\u00edt nad r\u00e1mec obvykl\u00fdch testovac\u00edch parametr\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nakladna_udrzba\"><\/span><em><strong>N\u00e1kladn\u00e1 \u00fadr\u017eba<\/strong><\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Spol\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed se na manu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed obvykle vy\u017eaduje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed testovac\u00ed t\u00fdm, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt za n\u00e1sledek vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 n\u00e1klady ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s automatizovan\u00fdmi kontrolami. Software t\u0159et\u00edch stran, kter\u00fd tyto pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testy prov\u00e1d\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt obrovskou hodnotu nebo m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dokonce zcela zdarma.<\/p>\n<p>V z\u00e1vislosti na slo\u017eitosti \u00fakol\u016f m\u016f\u017ee spole\u010dnost pot\u0159ebovat vysoce kvalifikovan\u00e9 testery s dlouholet\u00fdmi zku\u0161enostmi, aby mohli aplikaci pln\u011b zkontrolovat. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it n\u00e1klady na testov\u00e1n\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pou\u017eit\u00edm bezplatn\u00e9ho automatiza\u010dn\u00edho softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Kdy_pouzit_manualni_pruzkumne_testovani\"><\/span><strong>3. Kdy pou\u017e\u00edt manu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed se \u010dasto pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s n\u011bkolika probl\u00e9my, ale p\u0159esto je d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed d\u016fkladn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru. D\u016fvodem je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee existuj\u00ed aspekty softwaru, kter\u00e9 automatizace nem\u016f\u017ee pln\u011b zohlednit a na kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba se tak\u00e9 d\u016fkladn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159it.<\/p>\n<p>Software nap\u0159\u00edklad nem\u016f\u017ee spolehliv\u011b poskytovat zp\u011btnou vazbu o u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch rozhran\u00edch nebo testech u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti. Dobrou p\u0159edstavu o tom, jak aplikace funguje v praxi, mohou teste\u0159i z\u00edskat pouze tehdy, pokud ji otestuj\u00ed ru\u010dn\u011b. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i i testovac\u00ed t\u00fdmy mus\u00ed zv\u00e1\u017eit za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed alespo\u0148 ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry manu\u00e1ln\u00edho pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed do sv\u00fdch kontrol.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Automatizovane_pruzkumne_testovani\"><\/span><strong>Automatizovan\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/kompletni-pruvodce-automatizaci-testovani-softwaru\">Automatizovan\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a> vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 software t\u0159et\u00edch stran k automatizaci ur\u010dit\u00fdch kontrol &#8211; teste\u0159i si jej obvykle mohou p\u0159izp\u016fsobit tak, aby vyhovoval prakticky jak\u00e9mukoli testu.<\/p>\n<p>To v\u0161ak zpravidla vy\u017eaduje, aby t\u00fdm alespo\u0148 jednou provedl kontrolu ru\u010dn\u011b a zkalibroval automatizaci. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b zefektivnit proces pro testovac\u00ed i v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 t\u00fdmy.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee automatizace pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch test\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt neobvykl\u00e1, m\u00e1 pro va\u0161i aplikaci a jej\u00ed v\u00fdkonnost n\u011bkolik jasn\u00fdch v\u00fdhod.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Vyhody_automatizace_pruzkumnych_testu\"><\/span><strong>1. V\u00fdhody automatizace pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch test\u016f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mezi hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhody <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/rpa\">automatizace pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch test\u016f<\/a> pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dusledne_provadeni_testu\"><\/span><em><strong>D\u016fsledn\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed test\u016f<\/strong><\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Lidsk\u00e1 chyba m\u016f\u017ee snadno v\u00e9st k chyb\u00e1m v testov\u00e1n\u00ed, jejich\u017e n\u00e1prava zabere \u010das i pen\u00edze; automatizovan\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 kontroly umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed testovac\u00edm t\u00fdm\u016fm tento probl\u00e9m obej\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p>Teste\u0159i efektivn\u011b u\u010d\u00ed automatiza\u010dn\u00ed software, jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b prov\u00e9st test, a zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed, aby jej poka\u017ed\u00e9 provedl stejn\u011b. To zvy\u0161uje celkovou spolehlivost test\u016f a zkracuje dobu, kterou v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i str\u00e1v\u00ed \u010dek\u00e1n\u00edm na v\u00fdsledky &#8211; zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee teste\u0159i mohou snadno nastavit jejich spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159es noc.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Setri_cas_vsem\"><\/span><em><strong>\u0160et\u0159\u00ed \u010das v\u0161em<\/strong><\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Automatizovan\u00e9 testy umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm mnohem rychleji za\u010d\u00edt pracovat na oprav\u00e1ch probl\u00e9m\u016f a z\u00e1rove\u0148 tester\u016fm pokr\u00fdt \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed rozsah pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch kontrol. T\u00fdm m\u016f\u017ee zohlednit jen tolik sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kolik je pot\u0159eba k jejich proveden\u00ed, a proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby teste\u0159i ve\u0161li co nejv\u00edce kontrol do povolen\u00e9ho \u010dasov\u00e9ho r\u00e1mce.<\/p>\n<p>Automatizace pom\u00e1h\u00e1 t\u00edm, \u017ee tyto pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testy prov\u00e1d\u00ed mnohem rychleji ne\u017e manu\u00e1ln\u00ed teste\u0159i.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nakladove_efektivni_pristup\"><\/span><em><strong>N\u00e1kladov\u011b efektivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup<\/strong><\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>V z\u00e1vislosti na softwaru, kter\u00fd si t\u00fdm vybere, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt automatizace mnohem \u00fasporn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed &#8211; m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dokonce zdarma.<\/p>\n<p>I kdy\u017e je st\u00e1le nutn\u00e9 zam\u011bstn\u00e1vat manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testery a n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z nich budou zodpov\u011bdn\u00ed za kalibraci automatiza\u010dn\u00edch postup\u016f, automatizace co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch test\u016f d\u00e1v\u00e1 spole\u010dnosti \u0161anci sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u00e1klady na zam\u011bstnance.<\/p>\n<p>Jakmile t\u00fdm porozum\u00ed automatiza\u010dn\u00edmu softwaru, m\u016f\u017ee jej p\u0159izp\u016fsobit \u0161irok\u00e9mu spektru \u00faloh.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prizpusobeni_pro_vice_zarizeni\"><\/span><em><strong>P\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed pro v\u00edce za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong><\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee vy\u017eadovat pracovn\u00edky se zku\u0161enostmi s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi, nap\u0159\u00edklad se znalost\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f telefon\u016f v\u010detn\u011b Androidu a iOS, pokud se jedn\u00e1 o mobiln\u00ed aplikaci.<\/p>\n<p>Automatizovan\u00fd software to dok\u00e1\u017ee zohlednit a testovat na v\u00edce za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, aby bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee aplikace bude fungovat konzistentn\u011b. Testovac\u00ed t\u00fdmy se znalost\u00ed t\u011bchto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mohou tento proces pova\u017eovat za zdlouhav\u00fd; automatizace op\u011bt dok\u00e1\u017ee zefektivnit obvykl\u00e9 procesy pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed a testovat ka\u017edou iteraci sou\u010dasn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Opakovane_pouzitelne_skripty\"><\/span><em><strong>Opakovan\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 skripty<\/strong><\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pokud t\u00fdm testuje n\u011bkolik verz\u00ed stejn\u00e9ho softwaru nebo dokonce v\u00edce produkt\u016f s podobnou architekturou nebo funkcemi, je mo\u017en\u00e9 skripty opakovan\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat od jednoho testovac\u00edho cyklu k druh\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud jsou nutn\u00e9 n\u011bjak\u00e9 \u00fapravy pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kompatibility, mohou je ru\u010dn\u00ed teste\u0159i prov\u00e9st mnohem rychleji ne\u017e psan\u00ed zcela nov\u00e9ho skriptu.<\/p>\n<p>Automatizace optimalizuje prakticky ka\u017edou f\u00e1zi procesu pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed a lze ji snadno nastavit v r\u016fzn\u00fdch konfigurac\u00edch softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Vyzvy_automatizace_pruzkumnych_testu\"><\/span><strong>2. V\u00fdzvy automatizace pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch test\u016f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tento proces zahrnuje tak\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy, jako nap\u0159.:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Predstavuje_pouze_jednu_stranu_testovani\"><\/span><em><strong>P\u0159edstavuje pouze jednu stranu testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Nen\u00ed praktick\u00e9 ani rozumn\u00e9 automatizovat ka\u017edou kontrolu p\u0159i testov\u00e1n\u00ed aplikace, proto\u017ee existuj\u00ed aspekty, ke kter\u00fdm m\u016f\u017ee spolehliv\u011b poskytnout zp\u011btnou vazbu pouze manu\u00e1ln\u00ed tester.<\/p>\n<p>To se t\u00fdk\u00e1 i u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, a\u010dkoli v z\u00e1vislosti na zvolen\u00e9m softwaru je mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edskat d\u016fkladnou anal\u00fdzu v\u00fdkonu a testov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee pomoc\u00ed automatizace.<\/p>\n<p>Automatizace pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch test\u016f postr\u00e1d\u00e1 lidsk\u00fd \u00fasudek a pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 kontroly m\u016f\u017ee nejl\u00e9pe fungovat spole\u010dn\u011b s manu\u00e1ln\u00edm testerem.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nerealisticka_ocekavani_ohledne_schopnosti\"><\/span><em><strong>Nerealistick\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ohledn\u011b schopnost\u00ed<\/strong><\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Podobn\u011b mohou automatizovan\u00e9 postupy pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e9st obrovsk\u00e9 v\u00fdhody pro aplikaci i pro cel\u00fd projekt.<\/p>\n<p>Tento p\u0159\u00edstup v\u0161ak nen\u00ed v\u017edy \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm. Organizace, kter\u00e9 se v ka\u017ed\u00e9 f\u00e1zi ve velk\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na automatizaci, mohou m\u00edt ne\u00fapln\u00fd pohled na software.<\/p>\n<p>Automatizace identifikuje probl\u00e9my, ale za jejich odstran\u011bn\u00ed jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 t\u00fdmy testov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdvoje. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 definovat zast\u0159e\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed strategii automatizace, aby v\u0161ichni \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci projektu rozum\u011bli jej\u00edm mo\u017enostem a omezen\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyssi_pozadavky_na_dovednosti\"><\/span><em><strong>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed po\u017eadavky na dovednosti<\/strong><\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Automatizace obvykle zahrnuje znalost toho, jak prov\u00e1d\u011bt slo\u017eit\u00e9 kontroly, a tak\u00e9 to, jak je naprogramovat a skute\u010dn\u011b automatizovat. To \u010dasto vy\u017eaduje dlouholet\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti se skriptov\u00e1n\u00edm, a\u010dkoli automatiza\u010dn\u00ed software by mohl pomoci tyto procesy v\u00fdrazn\u011b optimalizovat.<\/p>\n<p>Je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby spole\u010dnost naj\u00edmala testery s r\u016fznorod\u00fdmi a robustn\u00edmi dovednostmi, kter\u00e9 usnadn\u00ed efektivn\u00ed automatizaci.<\/p>\n<p>Teste\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed zku\u0161enosti s automatizac\u00ed, tak\u00e9 v\u011bd\u00ed, jak\u00e9 funkce je t\u0159eba up\u0159ednostnit p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru z dostupn\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed softwaru t\u0159et\u00edch stran, aby t\u00fdm z\u00edskal dobr\u00fd produkt.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nespravne_strategie_a_komunikace\"><\/span><em><strong>Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 strategie a komunikace<\/strong><\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pro \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou automatizaci je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed komunikovat ucelenou strategii; v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i, teste\u0159i a dokonce i projektov\u00ed mana\u017ee\u0159i mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v pr\u016fb\u011bhu testov\u00e1n\u00ed na stejn\u00e9 vln\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fdmy mus\u00ed spolupracovat, aby ur\u010dily rozsah a harmonogram sv\u00fdch nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch postup\u016f. To plat\u00ed pro jak\u00fdkoli proces testov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale je to obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vzhledem k dal\u0161\u00ed slo\u017eitosti automatizace. Lep\u0161\u00ed komunikace a absence informa\u010dn\u00edch sil umo\u017en\u00ed va\u0161im t\u00fdm\u016fm prov\u00e1d\u011bt testy efektivn\u011bji.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyber_spravneho_softwaru_pro_automatizaci\"><\/span><em><strong>V\u00fdb\u011br spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho softwaru pro automatizaci<\/strong><\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Automatizace obvykle zahrnuje v\u00fdb\u011br aplikace t\u0159et\u00ed strany, kter\u00e1 je kompatibiln\u00ed s c\u00edli testov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00fdmu. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 mo\u017enost m\u00e1 jin\u00e9 cenov\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny a funkce. To m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edstavovat zna\u010dn\u00e9 dlouhodob\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, a to i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee software \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b prov\u00e1d\u00ed automatizovan\u00e9 testy a z\u00e1rove\u0148 poskytuje zna\u010dnou hodnotu.<\/p>\n<p>Existuje \u0159ada bezplatn\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nab\u00edzej\u00ed p\u016fsobiv\u00e9 funkce srovnateln\u00e9 s pr\u00e9miov\u00fdmi alternativami. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby testovac\u00ed t\u00fdm prozkoumal v\u0161echny dostupn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti, v\u010detn\u011b bezplatn\u00e9ho softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zaver_Automatizace_pruzkumneho_testovani_vs_manualni_pruzkumne_testovani\"><\/span><strong>Z\u00e1v\u011br: Automatizace pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed vs. manu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Existuje jen m\u00e1lo projekt\u016f, u kter\u00fdch by bylo v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 bu\u010f pln\u011b manu\u00e1ln\u00ed, nebo pln\u011b automatizovan\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee aplikace v\u0161eho druhu funguj\u00ed l\u00e9pe p\u0159i kombinaci obou zp\u016fsob\u016f testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Automatizovan\u00e9 testy sice mohou optimalizovat proces pro v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 t\u00fdmy a t\u00fdmy zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed kvalitu, ale n\u011bkter\u00e9 aspekty n\u00e1vrhu vy\u017eaduj\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed; to je jedin\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak z\u00edskat zp\u011btnou vazbu od u\u017eivatel\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Postupem \u010dasu se st\u00e1le v\u00edce organizac\u00ed sna\u017e\u00ed o zaveden\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/hyperautomation\">hyperautomatizace<\/a>, co\u017e je proces, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je inteligentn\u00ed maximalizace automatizace, kter\u00e1 zajist\u00ed, \u017ee podnik bude m\u00edt efektivn\u00ed strategii &#8211; ta m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1le existovat vedle manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Automatizovan\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed se st\u00e1v\u00e1 pro firmy dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u00edky v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed automatiza\u010dn\u00edho softwaru, zejm\u00e9na d\u00edky n\u011bkolika bezplatn\u00fdm mo\u017enostem s mno\u017estv\u00edm funkc\u00ed. To firm\u00e1m usnad\u0148uje pou\u017eit\u00ed kombinovan\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu k manu\u00e1ln\u00edmu\/automatick\u00e9mu pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9mu testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Sv\u016fj pod\u00edl na tom m\u00e1 i rostouc\u00ed obliba agiln\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu (technika \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed projekt\u016f, kter\u00e1 se zam\u011b\u0159uje na postupn\u00fd, ale v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pokrok) ve v\u00fdvoji, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 testovac\u00ed cykly. Kombinovan\u00e1 strategie testov\u00e1n\u00ed by mohla vyhovovat t\u00e9to a r\u016fzn\u00fdm dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdvojov\u00fdm strategi\u00edm, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad kontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed integrace, kter\u00e1 podobn\u011b vy\u017eaduje opakovan\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchu v mnoha iterac\u00edch t\u00e9ho\u017e softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_potrebujete_k_zahajeni_pruzkumneho_testovani\"><\/span><strong>Co pot\u0159ebujete k zah\u00e1jen\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edpoklady pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Jasne_cile_testovani\"><\/span><strong>1. Jasn\u00e9 c\u00edle testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>A\u010dkoli je pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed synonymem volnosti a n\u011bkdy se zam\u011b\u0148uje s ad hoc testov\u00e1n\u00edm, st\u00e1le se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi pravidly nebo definovateln\u00fdmi c\u00edli. Jedin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak m\u016f\u017ee t\u00fdm QA \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b proj\u00edt t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jakoukoli testovac\u00ed strukturou, je zn\u00e1t o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd v\u00fdsledek ka\u017ed\u00e9ho testu, zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee teste\u0159i obvykle navrhuj\u00ed tyto kontroly sami.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Kreativni_intuitivni_testeri\"><\/span><strong>2. Kreativn\u00ed, intuitivn\u00ed teste\u0159i<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed se zam\u011b\u0159uje na navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch a kreativn\u00edch test\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou odhalit probl\u00e9my s aplikac\u00ed. To zvl\u00e1dnou i teste\u0159i s omezen\u00fdmi zku\u0161enostmi za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee softwaru rozum\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby teste\u0159i rozum\u011bli aplikaci a jej\u00edmu fungov\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e jim umo\u017en\u00ed intuitivn\u011b vyvinout \u0159adu u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch kontrol.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Soudrzna_dokumentace\"><\/span><strong>3. Soudr\u017en\u00e1 dokumentace<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd typ testov\u00e1n\u00ed mus\u00ed m\u00edt d\u016fkladnou dokumentaci, aby bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlen t\u00fdmu dodr\u017e\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd harmonogram testov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u017ee nikdo omylem neopakuje kontrolu.<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd aspekt komunikace v r\u00e1mci jednoho odd\u011blen\u00ed i n\u011bkolika odd\u011blen\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i vy\u017eaduj\u00ed pravideln\u00e9 aktualizace test\u016f, aby zjistili, jak opravit probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Pohled_zakaznika\"><\/span><strong>4. Pohled z\u00e1kazn\u00edka<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed zahrnuje mnoho strategi\u00ed a sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm budou u\u017eivatel\u00e9 s aplikac\u00ed prakticky pracovat. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby testovac\u00ed t\u00fdmy p\u0159i kontrol\u00e1ch braly tuto skute\u010dnost v \u00favahu, i kdy\u017e neprov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed testy zalo\u017een\u00e9 na sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>Osvojen\u00ed si tohoto p\u0159\u00edstupu umo\u017e\u0148uje tester\u016fm p\u0159istupovat k testov\u00e1n\u00ed z r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00fahl\u016f pohledu, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje kvalitu t\u011bchto kontrol.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Automatizovany_testovaci_software\"><\/span><strong>5. Automatizovan\u00fd testovac\u00ed software<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee t\u00fdm m\u016f\u017ee pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b automatizovat zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1st test\u016f, kter\u00e9 navrhne, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby si mohl po\u0159\u00eddit kvalitn\u00ed software pro automatizovan\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed f\u00e1z\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i a testovac\u00ed t\u00fdm mohou na z\u00e1klad\u011b sv\u00fdch znalost\u00ed projektu ur\u010dit aplikaci t\u0159et\u00ed strany, kter\u00e1 by vyhovovala jejich vlastn\u00edm po\u017eadavk\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Proces_pruzkumneho_testovani\"><\/span><strong>Proces pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed kroky pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Klasifikujte_postup_testovani\"><\/span><strong>1. Klasifikujte postup testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Prvn\u00edm krokem pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed je, aby p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 t\u00fdmu pochopili, jak mohou k t\u011bmto kontrol\u00e1m p\u0159istupovat, nap\u0159\u00edklad klasifikac\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch chyb a proveden\u00edm anal\u00fdzy jejich p\u0159\u00ed\u010din.<\/p>\n<p>Zde teste\u0159i sami vypracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o testech; v z\u00e1vislosti na p\u0159esn\u00e9 metodice mohou tak\u00e9 navrhnout testovac\u00ed listinu.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00edm se stanov\u00ed rozsah a testy pro danou relaci nebo pracovn\u00ed den.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Zahajeni_testu\"><\/span><strong>2. Zah\u00e1jen\u00ed test\u016f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee p\u0159esn\u00e9 parametry (nap\u0159. \u010das pro jednotliv\u00e9 testy nebo celkov\u00e9 sezen\u00ed) z\u00e1vis\u00ed na preferenc\u00edch t\u00fdmu a po\u017eadavc\u00edch projektu, v\u0161echny pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testy maj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00e9 rysy.<\/p>\n<p>Po klasifikaci p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch kontrol za\u010dnou pracovn\u00edci kontroly kvality prov\u00e1d\u011bt testy a zaznamen\u00e1vat jejich v\u00fdsledky.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud kontroly vy\u017eaduj\u00ed automatizaci, mohou ji teste\u0159i nastavit tak, aby fungovala p\u0159es noc, nebo ji sami sledovat b\u011bhem dne.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Prezkoumani_vysledku\"><\/span><strong>3. P\u0159ezkoum\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>V dal\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi je t\u0159eba zkontrolovat v\u00fdsledky a porovnat je s v\u00fdchoz\u00edmi a o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdmi v\u00fdsledky. Pokud se p\u0159i t\u011bchto testech objev\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 odchylky jak\u00e9hokoli druhu, mohou teste\u0159i kontrolu zopakovat nebo okam\u017eit\u011b za\u010d\u00edt \u0159e\u0161it, jak je opravit. N\u00e1vrhy, kter\u00e9 pod\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, mohou b\u00fdt z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro ur\u010den\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho postupu &#8211; a jejich hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o chyb\u00e1ch mohou b\u00fdt podrobn\u011b pops\u00e1na.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Hlaseni_o_testu\"><\/span><strong>4. Hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o testu<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Po aukci v\u00fdsledk\u016f test\u016f za\u010dne t\u00fdm pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kvality p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1vat samotn\u00fd postup testov\u00e1n\u00ed a na jeho z\u00e1klad\u011b ur\u010d\u00ed, zda byl jejich p\u0159\u00edstup k pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9mu testov\u00e1n\u00ed vhodn\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>V t\u00e9to souhrnn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b o zkou\u0161ce m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dokonce uvedeno, \u017ee p\u0159i kontrol\u00e1ch do\u0161lo k provozn\u00edm chyb\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed opakov\u00e1n\u00ed zkou\u0161ky. Testovac\u00ed t\u00fdm m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 aplikaci znovu zkontrolovat, jakmile v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i tyto probl\u00e9my oprav\u00ed, aby zjistil, zda byli \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Osvedcene_postupy_pro_pruzkumne_testovani\"><\/span><strong>Osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 postupy pro pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mezi nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postupy pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Parovani_testeru\"><\/span><strong>1. P\u00e1rov\u00e1n\u00ed tester\u016f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Mnoho forem pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011b\u017e\u00ed ze spolupr\u00e1ce tester\u016f &#8211; to d\u00e1le zjednodu\u0161uje proces a umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00edce pohled\u016f na stejn\u00e9 kontroly.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00e1rov\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed tak\u00e9 zabra\u0148uje mo\u017enosti tunelov\u00e9ho vid\u011bn\u00ed a podporuje kreativn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1vrh test\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1ce v\u00edce lid\u00ed na stejn\u00fdch testech m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159esnosti ve v\u0161ech oblastech a rozd\u011blen\u00ed pracovn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee tak\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k tomu, \u017ee testov\u00e1n\u00ed je pro cel\u00fd t\u00fdm mnohem rychlej\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Kombinace_manualnich_a_automatizovanych_testu\"><\/span><strong>2. Kombinace manu\u00e1ln\u00edch a automatizovan\u00fdch test\u016f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti se st\u00e1le sna\u017e\u00ed zav\u00e9st automatizaci, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 ji nadu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, i kdy\u017e by manu\u00e1ln\u00ed perspektivy mohly b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00ednosn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed t\u011bchto kontrol dohromady umo\u017e\u0148uje testovac\u00edmu t\u00fdmu pokr\u00fdt v\u00edce oblast\u00ed a zajistit kvalitu cel\u00e9 aplikace, v\u010detn\u011b subjektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aspekt\u016f, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad rozhran\u00ed softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>Jedin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak zaru\u010dit \u00fapln\u00e9 pokryt\u00ed v\u0161ech funkc\u00ed a vlastnost\u00ed testem, je spole\u010dn\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edch a automatizovan\u00fdch test\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Porozumet_trhu\"><\/span><strong>3. Porozum\u011bt trhu<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>B\u011bhem testov\u00e1n\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby teste\u0159i znali c\u00edlovou skupinu i konkurenci; to jim pom\u016f\u017ee posoudit, jak budou lid\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b reagovat na aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed funkce aplikace.<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 funkce jsou velmi \u017e\u00e1dan\u00e9 a testovac\u00ed t\u00fdm m\u016f\u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edt jejich up\u0159ednostn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i kontrol\u00e1ch. P\u0159esto\u017ee mus\u00ed tak\u00e9 zachovat \u0161irok\u00e9 testovac\u00ed pokryt\u00ed. To by mohlo ur\u010dit sm\u011br testov\u00e1n\u00ed spolu s potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00fasp\u011bchem softwaru p\u0159i uveden\u00ed na trh.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Pouziti_skutecnych_zarizeni_pro_testovani\"><\/span><strong>4. Pou\u017eit\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fdmy testuj\u00edc\u00ed software mohou pro usnadn\u011bn\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch kontrol vyu\u017e\u00edvat emul\u00e1tory, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9, ale jen z\u0159\u00eddkakdy odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed praktick\u00e9 u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Skute\u010dn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pom\u00e1haj\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161it spolehlivost pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed realisti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zku\u0161enosti &#8211; emul\u00e1tory jsou nedokonal\u00e9 a mohou obsahovat chyby, kter\u00e9 se u z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f nevyskytuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Emulace je rychl\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak otestovat v\u00edce platforem, ale nenahrad\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Typy_vystupu_z_pruzkumneho_testu\"><\/span><strong>Typy v\u00fdstup\u016f z pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testu<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Po proveden\u00ed kontroly mohou teste\u0159i z\u00edskat r\u016fzn\u00e9 v\u00fdstupy, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Vysledky_testu\"><\/span><strong>1. V\u00fdsledky test\u016f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Samotn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky maj\u00ed mnoho podob, proto\u017ee pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee zahrnovat stovky jedine\u010dn\u00fdch test\u016f. Tyto v\u00fdsledky tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu v\u00fdstup\u016f testovac\u00ed rutiny a poskytuj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 informace o stavu aplikace a jej\u00ed schopnosti uspokojovat pot\u0159eby u\u017eivatel\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Po obdr\u017een\u00ed t\u011bchto v\u00fdsledk\u016f mohli teste\u0159i znovu zkontrolovat syst\u00e9m a ov\u011b\u0159it informace, aby ur\u010dili sv\u016fj dal\u0161\u00ed postup.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Zkusebni_protokoly\"><\/span><strong>2. Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed protokoly<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Vlastn\u00ed protokoly aplikace \u010dasto odhaluj\u00ed chyby a probl\u00e9my b\u011bhem procesu testov\u00e1n\u00ed; ty poskytuj\u00ed nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vod\u00edtka, pro\u010d software v testu neusp\u011bl. Star\u0161\u00ed teste\u0159i jsou obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zku\u0161en\u00ed v interpretaci protokol\u016f aplikace, co\u017e jim umo\u017e\u0148uje identifikovat p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu komplikovan\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>\u010c\u00edm v\u00edce informac\u00ed teste\u0159i z t\u011bchto protokol\u016f z\u00edskaj\u00ed, t\u00edm v\u00edce mohou pomoci v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Zkusebni_protokoly\"><\/span><strong>3. Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed protokoly<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>V z\u00e1vislosti na postupu automatizace t\u00fdmu mohou jejich v\u00fdstupy automaticky generovat hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o chyb\u011b. Jsou zde uvedeny v\u0161echny chyby, kter\u00e9 se v aplikaci vyskytuj\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b jejich p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny a dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fadaje d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p>Teste\u0159i tak mohou vyj\u00e1d\u0159it sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1zor na to, zda je software p\u0159ipraven ke spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, co\u017e se b\u011b\u017en\u011b ozna\u010duje jako rozhodnut\u00ed &#8222;go\/nogo&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Priklady_pruzkumneho_testovani\"><\/span><strong>P\u0159\u00edklady pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zde jsou t\u0159i p\u0159\u00edklady, jak m\u016f\u017ee spole\u010dnost vyu\u017e\u00edt pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Mobilni_herni_aplikace\"><\/span><strong>1. Mobiln\u00ed hern\u00ed aplikace<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pokud chce hern\u00ed spole\u010dnost vydat v\u00fdznamnou aktualizaci mobiln\u00ed aplikace, mohou pr\u016fzkumn\u00ed teste\u0159i zkontrolovat star\u00e9 i nov\u00e9 funkce, aby zjistili, zda je aplikace st\u00e1le stabiln\u00ed. To m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it slo\u017eitost softwaru natolik, \u017ee na n\u011bkter\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch nep\u016fjde spustit.<\/p>\n<p>Teste\u0159i se sna\u017e\u00ed minimalizovat tyto dopady a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zajistit pou\u017eitelnost na co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtu platforem.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00ed teste\u0159i d\u016fkladn\u011b prov\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed hru a mnoho slo\u017eit\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f, aby se ujistili, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 funkce funguje tak, jak m\u00e1; tento proces obvykle vy\u017eaduje manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testera.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Webove_stranky_poskytovatele_sluzeb\"><\/span><strong>2. Webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky poskytovatele slu\u017eeb<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky se tak\u00e9 podrobuj\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9mu testov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby se ov\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee funguj\u00ed pro u\u017eivatele i zam\u011bstnance, tak\u017ee teste\u0159i mohou za\u010d\u00edt p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm na web. Testuje se schopnost webu vytv\u00e1\u0159et nov\u00e9 u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 profily a ov\u011b\u0159uje se, zda u\u017eivatel\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k funkc\u00edm spr\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n<p>Pot\u00e9 testuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ejdou ke kontrole slu\u017eby, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt podobu rezervace sch\u016fzky nebo objedn\u00e1vky. Pot\u00e9 dokon\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1kup, aby se ujistili, \u017ee pokladna funguje spr\u00e1vn\u011b, a n\u00e1sledn\u011b se pod\u00edvaj\u00ed na e-mailov\u00e9 potvrzen\u00ed objedn\u00e1vky a historii \u00fa\u010dtu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_System_rizeni_nemocnice\"><\/span><strong>3. Syst\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nemocnice<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Z pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed mohou t\u011b\u017eit aplikace a syst\u00e9my v\u0161eho druhu. U syst\u00e9m\u016f pro spr\u00e1vu nemocnic se tester m\u016f\u017ee zam\u011b\u0159it na to, jak modul plateb spolupracuje s dal\u0161\u00edmi funkcemi.<\/p>\n<p>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b integrace mohou bez d\u016fkladn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e9st k v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm chyb\u00e1m. Tyto kontroly by mohly zahrnovat architektonick\u00fd diagram sleduj\u00edc\u00ed mnoho komponent syst\u00e9mu a jejich vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 vazby.<\/p>\n<p>Teste\u0159i se tak\u00e9 zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed probl\u00e9my v p\u0159edchoz\u00edch iterac\u00edch syst\u00e9mu a konkr\u00e9tn\u011b testuj\u00ed, zda jsou st\u00e1le p\u0159\u00edtomny, a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b odhalen\u00ed chyb p\u0159ijmou rychl\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Typy_chyb_a_nedostatku_zjistenych_pri_pruzkumnem_testovani\"><\/span><strong>Typy chyb a nedostatk\u016f zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch p\u0159i pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9m testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mezi chyby, kter\u00e9 mohou teste\u0159i b\u011bhem pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed odhalit, pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Nekompatibilni_funkce\"><\/span><strong>1. Nekompatibiln\u00ed funkce<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 funkce v aplikaci nemus\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u011b spolupracovat podle o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k tomu, \u017ee u\u017eivatel\u00e9 nebudou moci dokon\u010dit n\u00e1kupy nebo aplikaci pou\u017e\u00edvat. Teste\u0159i kontroluj\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 funkce samostatn\u011b i ve vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 kombinaci, aby se ujistili, \u017ee v\u0161e do sebe zapad\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Nespravny_navrh_uzivatelskeho_rozhrani\"><\/span><strong>2. Nespr\u00e1vn\u00fd n\u00e1vrh u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>U\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed aplikace p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010duje, jak kdo software pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1. Pokud nap\u0159\u00edklad d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 funkce nejsou pro z\u00e1kazn\u00edky z\u0159ejm\u00e9, nemus\u00ed si v\u0161imnout, \u017ee tyto funkce existuj\u00ed, co\u017e omezuje jejich po\u017eitek z aplikace.<\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/co-je-testovani-uzivatelskeho-rozhrani-softwaru-hloubkovy-ponor-do-typu-procesu-nastroju-a-implementace\">testov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed<\/a> identifikuje a opravuje u\u017eivatelsky nep\u0159\u00edv\u011btiv\u00fd design.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Chyby_pri_overovani\"><\/span><strong>3. Chyby p\u0159i ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Mnoho aplikac\u00ed a webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek umo\u017e\u0148uje vytvo\u0159en\u00ed u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho profilu s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby teste\u0159i zkontrolovali, zda b\u011b\u017en\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 nemohou p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru n\u011bjak\u00fdm neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem z\u00edskat p\u0159\u00edstup k citliv\u00fdm dat\u016fm nebo dokonce k funkc\u00edm spr\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Mrtvy_kod\"><\/span><strong>4. Mrtv\u00fd k\u00f3d<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Teste\u0159i mohou v aplikaci naj\u00edt zastaral\u00fd k\u00f3d, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dokonce p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou v\u00fdrazn\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f s v\u00fdkonem. Mrtv\u00fd k\u00f3d p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 komplikuje vnit\u0159n\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed aplikace a m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k chyb\u00e1m, kter\u00fdm se lze vyhnout. D\u00edky identifikaci a optimalizaci je software pro zam\u011bstnance a u\u017eivatele pohotov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bezne_metriky_pruzkumneho_testovani\"><\/span><strong>B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 metriky pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mezi obvykl\u00e9 metriky, se kter\u00fdmi se teste\u0159i mohou b\u011bhem pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch test\u016f setkat, pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Metriky_testu_vykonnosti\"><\/span><strong>1. Metriky test\u016f v\u00fdkonnosti<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>V\u00fdsledkem pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch test\u016f, kter\u00e9 zkoumaj\u00ed obecn\u00fd v\u00fdkon aplikace, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la metrik. To m\u016f\u017ee zahrnovat minim\u00e1ln\u00ed, pr\u016fm\u011brnou a maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed dobu odezvy spolu s m\u00edrou selh\u00e1n\u00ed a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nosti pro ur\u010den\u00ed stability.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Metriky_pokryti_testu\"><\/span><strong>2. Metriky pokryt\u00ed test\u016f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Pokryt\u00ed test\u016f je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, proto\u017ee ur\u010duje, kolik kategori\u00ed a aspekt\u016f aplikace testy zahrnuj\u00ed. Procento pokryt\u00ed po\u017eadavk\u016f nap\u0159\u00edklad hodnot\u00ed, zda existuj\u00ed funkce, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed kola testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Celkova_ucinnost_testu\"><\/span><strong>3. Celkov\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost testu<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Sledov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010dtu \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch a ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch kontrol pom\u00e1h\u00e1 tester\u016fm zjistit celkov\u00fd stav aplikace. Krom\u011b toho m\u016f\u017ee t\u00fdm sledovat, kolik zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch chyb je kritick\u00fdch.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Rozlozeni_zavad\"><\/span><strong>4. Rozlo\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1vad<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Podobn\u011b kontrola rozlo\u017een\u00ed chyb ukazuje, kter\u00e9 komponenty nebo funkce jsou nejv\u00edce n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 k chyb\u00e1m. M\u016f\u017ee se jednat o \u010d\u00e1sti aplikace, kter\u00e9 \u010dasto interaguj\u00ed s ostatn\u00edmi, a proto je nutn\u00e9 tyto testy up\u0159ednostnit.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Regresni_metriky\"><\/span><strong>5. Regresn\u00ed metriky<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 regresn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje tester\u016fm zjistit, jak se chovaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 iterace t\u00e9ho\u017e softwaru a jak\u00fd to m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt dopad na v\u00fdkon.<\/p>\n<p>Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed metriky, kter\u00e9 s t\u00edm pom\u00e1haj\u00ed, jsou m\u00edra vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00ed defekt\u016f a po\u010det defekt\u016f na sestaven\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyjasneni_nekterych_nejasnosti_Testy_ad_hoc_vs_pruzkumne_testy\"><\/span><strong>Vyjasn\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch nejasnost\u00ed: Testy ad hoc vs. pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testy<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Vzhledem k velk\u00e9mu d\u016frazu na svobodu testera si n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 \u010dasto pletou pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed s ad hoc testov\u00e1n\u00edm. Oba form\u00e1ty maj\u00ed n\u011bkolik spole\u010dn\u00fdch rys\u016f, ale v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku slou\u017e\u00ed k r\u016fzn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Co_je_testovani_ad_hoc\"><\/span><strong>1. Co je testov\u00e1n\u00ed ad hoc?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ad hoc testov\u00e1n\u00ed je zcela nestrukturovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup, kter\u00fd se vymyk\u00e1 konven\u010dn\u00edmu n\u00e1vrhu test\u016f a umo\u017e\u0148uje naj\u00edt chyby, kter\u00e9 by se jinak neobjevily.<\/p>\n<p>Tato forma testov\u00e1n\u00ed obvykle nezahrnuje \u017e\u00e1dnou dokumentaci, co\u017e zt\u011b\u017euje reprodukci probl\u00e9m\u016f, pokud si tester nen\u00ed naprosto jist\u00fd jejich p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou.<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f je &#8222;opi\u010d\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8220;, kontrola, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 vstupy a jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem je nakonec syst\u00e9m rozb\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p>Podobn\u011b jako u pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed pracuje mnoho ad hoc tester\u016f na t\u011bchto kontrol\u00e1ch ve dvojic\u00edch, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje jejich spolehlivost. P\u0159\u00edstup ad hoc m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd po form\u00e1ln\u00edm proveden\u00ed test\u016f, aby se zajistilo, \u017ee kontroly zohledn\u00ed v\u0161echny mo\u017enosti; to tak\u00e9 pom\u00e1h\u00e1, kdy\u017e je na dal\u0161\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1lo \u010dasu. P\u0159i spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m proveden\u00ed jsou ad hoc testy velmi p\u0159\u00ednosn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Rozdily_mezi_pruzkumnym_testovanim_a_testy_ad_hoc\"><\/span><strong>2. Rozd\u00edly mezi pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdm testov\u00e1n\u00edm a testy ad hoc<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Testov\u00e1n\u00ed ad hoc obvykle nezahrnuje \u017e\u00e1dnou form\u00e1ln\u00ed dokumentaci. To je v ostr\u00e9m kontrastu s pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdmi testy, u nich\u017e je vzhledem k improvizovan\u00e9 povaze t\u011bchto kontrol veden\u00ed z\u00e1znam\u016f je\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testy vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed form\u00e1ln\u00edch testovac\u00edch technik, zat\u00edmco ad hoc kontroly se tomu vyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee se d\u00edvaj\u00ed mimo konven\u010dn\u00ed testovac\u00ed etiketu. To jim pom\u00e1h\u00e1 odhalit chyby, na kter\u00e9 by jinak teste\u0159i nikdy nep\u0159i\u0161li.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 jasn\u00e9 c\u00edle a hranice, ale p\u0159esto umo\u017e\u0148uje \u010dlen\u016fm t\u00fdmu pou\u017e\u00edvat kreativn\u00ed testy. Ad-hoc testy obvykle nemaj\u00ed definovateln\u00fd kone\u010dn\u00fd c\u00edl, krom\u011b toho, \u017ee se software sna\u017e\u00ed prosadit, jak jen to jde. Ad hoc testov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasto zahrnuje i p\u0159edchoz\u00ed znalost softwaru a jeho funkc\u00ed, zat\u00edmco pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed zahrnuje pozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed aplikace do b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch proces\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pruzkumne_testovani_v_agilnim_pristupu\"><\/span><strong>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed v agiln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupu<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Agiln\u00ed metodika v\u00fdrazn\u011b podporuje neust\u00e1l\u00e9 zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se dob\u0159e kombinuje s pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdmi testy, zejm\u00e9na s rostouc\u00ed popt\u00e1vkou po \u010dast\u00fdch aktualizac\u00edch softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>Kombinace pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed s agiln\u00ed metodou m\u016f\u017ee \u010dlen\u016fm t\u00fdmu poskytnout siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed strukturu testov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edky za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed vyd\u00e1n\u00ed a prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed sprint\u016f do jejich harmonogram\u016f. Spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 agiln\u00ed techniky, by je mohla je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce zu\u017eitkovat spojen\u00edm s pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdm testov\u00e1n\u00edm; to je skv\u011bl\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak testovat jednotliv\u00e9 softwarov\u00e9 komponenty aplikace. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee teste\u0159i mohou prov\u00e1d\u011bt pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 kontroly bez skript\u016f, \u0161et\u0159\u00ed to pracovn\u00edk\u016fm zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edm kvalitu i v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm mnoho drahocenn\u00e9ho \u010dasu.<\/p>\n<p>Automatizovan\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed tyto \u00faspory je\u0161t\u011b umoc\u0148uje, proto\u017ee pom\u00e1h\u00e1 firm\u00e1m mnohem rychleji zkontrolovat nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed iterace jejich aplikac\u00ed, a to potenci\u00e1ln\u011b i p\u0159es noc. Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 kontroly p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed rychl\u00e9 a pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky a v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i mohou prov\u00e9st pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 zm\u011bny v r\u00e1mci dal\u0161\u00edho sprintu.<\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 ve spojen\u00ed s agiln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupem st\u00e1le mnoho v\u00fdhod d\u00edky sv\u00e9 schopnosti identifikovat probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 by automatizovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup mohl p\u0159ehl\u00e9dnout. Jin\u00e9 formy testov\u00e1n\u00ed jednodu\u0161e trvaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho nebo poskytuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 m\u00e1lo v\u00fdhod, ne\u017e aby se pohodln\u011b ve\u0161ly do agiln\u00edho r\u00e1mce. Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 kontroly mohou zajistit, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 agiln\u00ed f\u00e1ze v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlep\u0161\u00ed software a jeho funk\u010dnost.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_chyb_a_nastrah_kterym_je_treba_se_vyhnout_pri_provadeni_pruzkumnych_testu\"><\/span><strong>7 chyb a n\u00e1strah, kter\u00fdm je t\u0159eba se vyhnout p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch test\u016f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zde je sedm nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch chyb, kter\u00fdch se firmy p\u0159i zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch test\u016f \u010dasto dopou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed, a tak\u00e9 n\u00e1vod, jak se jim mohou vyhnout:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Nevyvazene_manualniautomaticke_testovani\"><\/span><strong>1. Nevyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 manu\u00e1ln\u00ed\/automatick\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 testy funguj\u00ed nejl\u00e9pe p\u0159i ru\u010dn\u00ed kontrole a kter\u00e9 by bylo vhodn\u00e9 automatizovat, zabere \u010das, ale umo\u017en\u00ed t\u00fdm\u016fm testovat mnohem efektivn\u011bji.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho automatizovan\u00fdch test\u016f m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k tomu, \u017ee aplikace bude t\u011b\u017ekop\u00e1dn\u00e1 nebo u\u017eivatelsky nep\u0159\u00edv\u011btiv\u00e1 kv\u016fli absenci lidsk\u00e9ho testera.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Casova_omezeni\"><\/span><strong>2. \u010casov\u00e1 omezen\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed je rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e mnoho jin\u00fdch forem testov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale vzhledem k term\u00edn\u016fm projektu je st\u00e1le omezeno mno\u017estv\u00ed test\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee t\u00fdm prov\u00e9st.<\/p>\n<p>\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed \u010dasu a snaha o pokryt\u00ed test\u016f pom\u00e1haj\u00ed testovac\u00edmu t\u00fdmu prov\u00e9st co nejv\u00edce kontrol v mnoha \u0161irok\u00fdch kategori\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Nepruzne_testery\"><\/span><strong>3. Nepru\u017en\u00e9 testery<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee pr\u016fzkumn\u00ed teste\u0159i nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00ed znalost softwaru ani zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 hlubok\u00e9 dovednosti, kontroly st\u00e1le z\u00e1vis\u00ed na schopnostech a iniciativ\u011b jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f t\u00fdmu.<\/p>\n<p>Vedouc\u00ed projektu mus\u00ed tyto testovac\u00ed role p\u0159id\u011blovat s rozmyslem a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby je vyhradit kreativn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a intuitivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u010dlen\u016fm t\u00fdmu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Obtizna_replikace_selhani\"><\/span><strong>4. Obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1 replikace selh\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ne v\u017edy je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, kter\u00e9 \u010dinnosti p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k selh\u00e1n\u00ed testu, a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 nejasn\u00e9, kter\u00e9 aspekty aplikace jsou na vin\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Proto mnoho pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f zahrnuje p\u00e1rov\u00e1n\u00ed tester\u016f nebo dokonce p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 nahr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obrazovky testera, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 l\u00e9pe pochopit probl\u00e9my a jejich p\u0159esn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Nejasna_dokumentace\"><\/span><strong>5. Nejasn\u00e1 dokumentace<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o automatizovan\u00e9 hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o chyb\u00e1ch nebo ru\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1znam proveden\u00fdch test\u016f, dobr\u00e1 dokumentace usnad\u0148uje v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm postupovat na z\u00e1klad\u011b zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed testovac\u00edho t\u00fdmu.<\/p>\n<p>Testovac\u00ed t\u00fdm se mus\u00ed zav\u00e1zat, \u017ee zajist\u00ed kvalitn\u00ed veden\u00ed z\u00e1znam\u016f b\u011bhem ka\u017ed\u00e9 jednotliv\u00e9 kontroly a \u017ee v ka\u017ed\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b uvede co nejv\u00edce podrobnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Vysoka_ocekavani\"><\/span><strong>6. Vysok\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed je p\u0159\u00ednosn\u00e9 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 pro ka\u017ed\u00fd softwarov\u00fd projekt, ale jeho rozsah je st\u00e1le omezen\u00fd &#8211; nejl\u00e9pe funguje ve spojen\u00ed s dal\u0161\u00edmi metodami testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Testovac\u00ed t\u00fdmy mus\u00ed tyto kontroly prov\u00e1d\u011bt vedle obvykl\u00fdch skriptovan\u00fdch test\u016f; jen tak mohou odd\u011blen\u00ed zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kvality zajistit trvale \u0161irok\u00e9 pokryt\u00ed test\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Nespravna_automatizace\"><\/span><strong>7. Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e1 automatizace<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby testovac\u00ed t\u00fdm a projektov\u00fd mana\u017eer pochopili, kter\u00fd automatiza\u010dn\u00ed software p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed pro danou aplikaci nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhody.<\/p>\n<p>R\u016fzn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti t\u0159et\u00edch stran nab\u00edzej\u00ed sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 funkce, tak\u017ee v\u00fdb\u011br t\u00fdmu m\u016f\u017ee rozhodnout o \u00fasp\u011bchu <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/kompletni-pruvodce-robotickou-automatizaci-procesu-rpa\">robotick\u00e9 automatizace proces\u016f<\/a>; mus\u00ed zv\u00e1\u017eit v\u0161echny mo\u017enosti p\u0159edem.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_nejlepsich_bezplatnych_nastroju_pro_pruzkumne_testovani\"><\/span><strong>5 nejlep\u0161\u00edch bezplatn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mezi p\u011bt nejlep\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mohou t\u00fdmy zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed kvalitu pou\u017e\u00edvat zdarma, pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_ZAPTEST_FREE_Edition\"><\/span><strong>1. ZAPTEST FREE Edition<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\">ZAPTEST Free<\/a> poskytuje funkce pr\u00e9miov\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b za nulov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje ka\u017ed\u00e9 organizaci vyu\u017e\u00edvat v\u00fdhod snadn\u00e9 implementace pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch test\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Tato aplikace dok\u00e1\u017ee automatizovat jakoukoli platformu, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d d\u00edky inovativn\u00ed technologii 1SCRIPT.<\/p>\n<p>ZAPTEST tak\u00e9 poskytuje flexibiln\u00ed automatizaci RPA, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje kombinovat ji s manu\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupem.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Vyzkumna_aplikace_XRAY\"><\/span>2. V\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 aplikace XRAY<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>XEA umo\u017e\u0148uje u\u017eivatel\u016fm vytv\u00e1\u0159et komplexn\u00ed karty test\u016f a snadno zaznamen\u00e1vat jejich pr\u016fb\u011bh, co\u017e zjednodu\u0161uje f\u00e1zi hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed chyb p\u0159i pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9m testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Tato mo\u017enost se zam\u011b\u0159uje v\u00fdhradn\u011b na pohled u\u017eivatele a nab\u00edz\u00ed centralizovan\u00e9 centrum v\u00fdsledk\u016f pro aktualizaci ostatn\u00edch tester\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Syst\u00e9m XRAY v\u0161ak v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nem\u00e1 integrovanou automatizaci, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee omezit jeho dlouhodobou \u00fa\u010dinnost.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Magnet_na_brouky\"><\/span>3. Magnet na brouky<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010de, kter\u00e9 nab\u00edz\u00ed d\u016fkladn\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed, Bug Magnet umo\u017e\u0148uje tester\u016fm kontrolovat okrajov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady a dal\u0161\u00ed problematick\u00e9 hodnoty.<\/p>\n<p>Toto roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed tak\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje jednoduchou integraci fiktivn\u00edho textu, e-mailov\u00fdch adres a v\u00edce znakov\u00fdch sad.<\/p>\n<p>Je v\u0161ak k dispozici pouze pro prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010de Firefox a Chrome, tak\u017ee je m\u00e9n\u011b univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed ne\u017e jej\u00ed konkurenti.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Testovaci_plany_Azure\"><\/span>4. Testovac\u00ed pl\u00e1ny Azure<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Azure Test Plans je kl\u00ed\u010dovou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed platformy Azure spole\u010dnosti Microsoft a umo\u017e\u0148uje tester\u016fm z\u00edsk\u00e1vat bohat\u00e9 \u00fadaje v mnoha sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>Tato mo\u017enost je vhodn\u00e1 jak pro desktopov\u00e9, tak pro webov\u00e9 aplikace a z\u00e1rove\u0148 poskytuje komplexn\u00ed sledovatelnost, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 jasn\u00fd z\u00e1znam o v\u00fdvoji softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>Tento p\u0159\u00edstup v\u0161ak \u010dasto vy\u017eaduje hlub\u0161\u00ed integraci se slu\u017ebou Azure, co\u017e je na \u00fakor flexibility.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Testiny\"><\/span>5. Testiny<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Testiny se specializuje na manu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed a nab\u00edz\u00ed inteligentn\u00ed editor, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje tester\u016fm navrhovat kontroly pomoc\u00ed stromov\u00e9 struktury pro maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed flexibilitu.<\/p>\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00e1 zm\u011bna b\u011bhu nebo testovac\u00edho p\u0159\u00edpadu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v historii aplikace, aby byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna pln\u00e1 odpov\u011bdnost a sledovatelnost.<\/p>\n<p>Ta je v\u0161ak zdarma pouze pro mal\u00e9 t\u00fdmy a projekty s otev\u0159en\u00fdm zdrojov\u00fdm k\u00f3dem.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kdy_byste_meli_pouzit_nastroje_pro_pruzkumne_testy_pro_podniky_a_kdy_pro_bezplatne_nastroje\"><\/span><strong>Kdy byste m\u011bli pou\u017e\u00edt n\u00e1stroje pro pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testy pro podniky a kdy pro bezplatn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee se do pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed vyplat\u00ed investovat a pr\u00e9miov\u00e9 aplikace obvykle nab\u00edzej\u00ed v\u00edce funkc\u00ed, existuje mnoho bezplatn\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e dost funkc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed by mohlo b\u00fdt v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm provozn\u00edm n\u00e1kladem, pokud se zav\u00e1\u017eete k pr\u00e9miov\u00e9mu modelu, ale ne ka\u017ed\u00e1 spole\u010dnost nebo t\u00fdm zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se v\u00fdvojem softwaru na to m\u00e1 pen\u00edze. V\u00fdb\u011br nejlep\u0161\u00edho softwaru t\u0159et\u00ed strany \u010dasto z\u00e1vis\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch po\u017eadavc\u00edch firmy.<\/p>\n<p>Placen\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jedin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak uspokojit pot\u0159eby dan\u00e9ho projektu; t\u00fdm mus\u00ed prozkoumat r\u016fzn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti, ne\u017e se rozhodne pro aplikaci.<\/p>\n<p>Spole\u010dnosti s men\u0161\u00edmi t\u00fdmy mohou nejv\u00edce vyu\u017e\u00edt bezplatn\u00e9 testovac\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, proto\u017ee mnoho mo\u017enost\u00ed je zdarma pro omezen\u00fd po\u010det u\u017eivatel\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b mohou vybrat mo\u017enosti bez tohoto omezen\u00ed a takov\u00e9, kter\u00e9 jsou schopny p\u0159izp\u016fsobit se rozsahu testovac\u00edho t\u00fdmu. D\u00edky tomu by mohlo b\u00fdt je\u0161t\u011b sch\u016fdn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vytvo\u0159it dvojice pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch tester\u016f, aby se zajistily p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky &#8211; t\u00fdm bude p\u0159irozen\u011b pot\u0159ebovat m\u00e9n\u011b u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch profil\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Mnoho slu\u017eeb nab\u00edz\u00ed bezplatnou zku\u0161ebn\u00ed verzi sv\u00e9ho softwaru, aby organizace mohly zjistit, zda vyhovuje jejich pot\u0159eb\u00e1m; tato zku\u0161ebn\u00ed verze obvykle trv\u00e1 jen n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kontrolni_seznam_pruzkumneho_testovani_tipy_a_triky\"><\/span><strong>Kontroln\u00ed seznam pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed, tipy a triky<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Existuje mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch tip\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou teste\u0159i zohlednit p\u0159i zah\u00e1jen\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch kontrol, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Vhodne_rozdelte_funkce_a_moduly\"><\/span><strong>1. Vhodn\u011b rozd\u011blte funkce a moduly<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed, m\u011bly by si testovac\u00ed t\u00fdmy vytvo\u0159it jasn\u00fd seznam v\u0161ech funkc\u00ed a kontrol, kter\u00e9 hodlaj\u00ed prov\u00e9st. To tak\u00e9 znamen\u00e1 zajistit, aby testy byly p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b rozlo\u017eeny mezi jednotliv\u00e9 funkce softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>Pro dosa\u017een\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f je nanejv\u00fd\u0161 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby se testovac\u00ed t\u00fdm dohodl, kte\u0159\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 provedou jednotliv\u00e9 testy na z\u00e1klad\u011b sv\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed a siln\u00fdch str\u00e1nek.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Prace_na_pochopeni_softwaru\"><\/span><strong>2. Pr\u00e1ce na pochopen\u00ed softwaru<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>F\u00e1ze u\u010den\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee teste\u0159i se mus\u00ed aktivn\u011b zapojit do pr\u00e1ce se softwarem a zjistit, jak funguje, a teprve pot\u00e9 navrhnout testy.<\/p>\n<p>Pozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edho fungov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto softwaru m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt procesem spolupr\u00e1ce, kter\u00fd zajist\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed porozum\u011bn\u00ed v cel\u00e9m t\u00fdmu. To umo\u017e\u0148uje tester\u016fm vytv\u00e1\u0159et lep\u0161\u00ed kontroly a testovac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Zjistete_problematicke_oblasti\"><\/span><strong>3. Zjist\u011bte problematick\u00e9 oblasti<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00e1 aplikace m\u00e1 funkce nebo sou\u010d\u00e1sti, kter\u00e9 se prol\u00ednaj\u00ed s ostatn\u00edmi. S rostouc\u00ed slo\u017eitost\u00ed softwaru se zvy\u0161uje pravd\u011bpodobnost v\u00fdskytu chyb, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee vy\u017eadovat v\u00edce testov\u00e1n\u00ed. T\u00fdm mus\u00ed aktivn\u011b pracovat na tom, aby zjistil, kter\u00e9 slo\u017eky pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed pomoc.<\/p>\n<p>Mohou pou\u017e\u00edt specifick\u00e9 testovac\u00ed trasy, kter\u00e9 nejl\u00e9pe odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed pot\u0159eby aplikace a celkov\u00e9 priority t\u00fdmu v oblasti testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Zacnete_se_zakladnimi_uzivatelskymi_scenari\"><\/span><strong>4. Za\u010dn\u011bte se z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdmi sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>T\u00fdmy zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed kvalitu mohou v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby prov\u00e1d\u011bt pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testy v libovoln\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed, ale m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed za\u010d\u00edt s jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edmi kontrolami, ne\u017e se pust\u00ed do slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch funkc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>To umo\u017e\u0148uje plynul\u00fd postup z hlediska slo\u017eitosti a d\u00e1v\u00e1 tester\u016fm mo\u017enost porozum\u011bt softwaru. Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 tak\u00e9 otestovat, zda z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funkce funguj\u00ed podle o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Vytvoreni_dvojice_testeru\"><\/span><strong>5. Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed dvojice tester\u016f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>P\u00e1rov\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed zefektiv\u0148uje a z\u00e1rove\u0148 ov\u011b\u0159uje f\u00e1zi zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kvality a umo\u017e\u0148uje tester\u016fm pracovat s naprostou jistotou p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9 kontrole. Spolupr\u00e1ce zefektiv\u0148uje jakoukoli formu testov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee zlep\u0161uje obezn\u00e1menost ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dlena t\u00fdmu s dan\u00fdm softwarem.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00edky sv\u00e9mu individu\u00e1ln\u00edmu pohledu na v\u011bc mohou tak\u00e9 poskytovat mnohem podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o chyb\u00e1ch, a poskytnout tak v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm v\u00edce informac\u00ed, se kter\u00fdmi mohou pracovat.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Provedte_nekolik_testu\"><\/span><strong>6. Prove\u010fte n\u011bkolik test\u016f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Schopnost t\u00fdmu znovu otestovat aplikaci z\u00e1vis\u00ed na \u010dasov\u00e9m pl\u00e1nu a term\u00ednech, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159ed n\u00edm. Pokud je to v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e9, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 dvojit\u00e1 kontrola zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b problematick\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Opakov\u00e1n\u00edm test\u016f lze nav\u00edc ov\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee d\u0159\u00edve zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd probl\u00e9m je ji\u017e odstran\u011bn a nebude m\u00edt na software dal\u0161\u00ed vliv. Tato pe\u010dlivost je n\u011bkdy nutn\u00e1, aby bylo testov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zaver\"><\/span><strong>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 co nab\u00eddnout firm\u00e1m vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edm software v\u0161eho druhu, proto\u017ee je dopl\u0148kem skriptovan\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch kontrol.<\/p>\n<p>S pomoc\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed mohou t\u00fdmy zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed kvalitu testovat aplikace na vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni, co\u017e zlep\u0161\u00ed kvalitu v\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho softwaru a pom\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm opravit p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 chyby.<\/p>\n<p>Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos m\u016f\u017ee zajistit kombinace manu\u00e1ln\u00edho a automatizovan\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 umo\u017en\u00ed v\u011bnovat stejnou pozornost v\u0161em slo\u017ek\u00e1m softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud va\u0161e spole\u010dnost pot\u0159ebuje software pro automatizaci pr\u016fzkumu, ZAPTEST FREE Edition nab\u00edz\u00ed mnohem \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed a flexibiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed funkce ne\u017e jin\u00e9 pr\u00e9miov\u00e9 aplikace a umo\u017e\u0148uje tester\u016fm tyto kontroly snadno optimalizovat.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Casto_kladene_dotazy_a_zdroje\"><\/span><strong>\u010casto kladen\u00e9 dotazy a zdroje<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Nejlepsi_kurzy_automatizace_pruzkumnych_testu\"><\/span><strong>1. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed kurzy automatizace pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch test\u016f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pro nov\u00e9 i zku\u0161en\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testery by mohly b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00ednosn\u00e9 kurzy pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed jejich dovednost\u00ed. To zahrnuje i zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, jak p\u0159istupovat k nov\u00e9mu softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>Mezi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 kurzy, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1m v tom mohou pomoci, pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Kompletn\u00ed testovac\u00ed t\u00e1bor 2023 Software Bootcamp na Udemy; v r\u00e1mci tohoto t\u00e1bora se v 28 hodin\u00e1ch vyu\u010duje testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru v \u0161irok\u00e9m rozsahu.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Coverosovo pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed; zam\u011b\u0159uje se na to, jak vytv\u00e1\u0159et charty a aplikovat pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testy na rozhran\u00ed API.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Dvoudenn\u00ed \u0161kolen\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed od spole\u010dnosti Polteq, kter\u00e9 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 t\u00edm, jak pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testy funguj\u00ed v agiln\u00edm kontextu.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed LinkedIn; ukazuje, jak modern\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru zahrnuje pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 kontroly.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u00davod do testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru na serveru Coursera, kter\u00fd pom\u00e1h\u00e1 za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edm tester\u016fm pochopit typick\u00e9 postupy.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Jakych_je_5_nejcastejsich_otazek_pri_pohovorech_o_pruzkumnem_testovani\"><\/span><strong>2. Jak\u00fdch je 5 nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ot\u00e1zek p\u0159i pohovorech o pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9m testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i pohovorech na pozice pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby personalist\u00e9 kladli dobr\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 umo\u017en\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b posoudit dovednosti a zku\u0161enosti uchaze\u010de.<\/p>\n<p>P\u011bt nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ot\u00e1zek:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Jak\u00e9 jsou hlavn\u00ed rozd\u00edly mezi skriptovan\u00fdm a pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdm testov\u00e1n\u00edm, v\u010detn\u011b jejich vhodnosti?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; S jak\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my jste se jako pr\u016fzkumn\u00fd tester setkal a jak jste je p\u0159ekonal?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Uve\u010fte p\u0159\u00edklady pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch test\u016f, u kter\u00fdch by automatizace robotick\u00fdch proces\u016f byla nejp\u0159\u00ednosn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Jak\u00e1 je podle v\u00e1s nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dovednost (technick\u00e1 nebo jin\u00e1) pro exploratorn\u00edho testera?<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Co byste poradil testerovi, kter\u00fd se sna\u017e\u00ed porozum\u011bt softwaru a jak ho zkontrolovat?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Nejlepsi_vyukove_programy_na_YouTube_o_pruzkumnem_testovani\"><\/span><strong>3. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdukov\u00e9 programy na YouTube o pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9m testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch pro sd\u00edlen\u00ed vide\u00ed, jako je YouTube, je k dispozici mnoho bezplatn\u00fdch v\u00fdukov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou budouc\u00edm tester\u016fm pomoci pochopit jeho z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed s\u00e9rie, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 jsou jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdmi videoklipy s hlubok\u00fdm ponorem do t\u00e9matu.<\/p>\n<p>Mezi kan\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 tyto v\u00fdukov\u00e9 programy nab\u00edzej\u00ed, pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; The Testing Academy nab\u00edz\u00ed stovky vide\u00ed, kter\u00e1 pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u0161echny aspekty testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Software Testing Mentor, kter\u00fd podobn\u011b nab\u00edz\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 videa o z\u00e1kladech testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; QAFox, kter\u00fd tak\u00e9 poskytuje p\u0159\u00edklady z re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho sv\u011bta a \u017eiv\u00e9 projekty, kter\u00e9 dopl\u0148uj\u00ed v\u0161echna videa.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; SDET-QA Automation Techie, kter\u00e1 obsahuje n\u011bkolik obs\u00e1hl\u00fdch vide\u00ed o r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstupech k testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; GlitchITSystem, kter\u00fd se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00fdmi webov\u00fdmi str\u00e1nkami pomoc\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed a sna\u017e\u00ed se odhalit chyby.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Jak_udrzovat_pruzkumne_testy\"><\/span><strong>4. Jak udr\u017eovat pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testy?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Dob\u0159e proveden\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testy obsahuj\u00ed podrobnou dokumentaci, ke kter\u00e9 se v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i a budouc\u00ed teste\u0159i vracej\u00ed v nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch iterac\u00edch softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch aktualizac\u00edch aplikace je nutn\u00e9 znovu otestovat jej\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u00ed funkce, aby se zajistilo, \u017ee tyto dopl\u0148ky nebudou m\u00edt negativn\u00ed dopad na ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00ed funkce.<\/p>\n<p>Jen tak lze zaru\u010dit, \u017ee pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testy z\u016fstanou dlouhodob\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9. Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 tak\u00e9 zohlednit budouc\u00ed pl\u00e1ny, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 funkce, p\u0159i navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00ed aplikace a jej\u00edch kontrol.<\/p>\n<p>Pracovn\u00edci odd\u011blen\u00ed QA mus\u00ed tyto testy vhodn\u011b napl\u00e1novat a zjistit, kdy je t\u0159eba aplikaci p\u0159ekontrolovat; s t\u00edm mohou t\u00fdmu pomoci n\u00e1stroje pro automatizovan\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Je_pruzkumne_testovani_black-box_testovani\"><\/span><strong>5. Je pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed black-box testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed je velmi podobn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ky, kter\u00e9 znamen\u00e1 kontrolu aplikace pomoc\u00ed zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed jej\u00edch funkc\u00ed bez p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 kontroly k\u00f3du.<\/p>\n<p>Typy kontrol, kter\u00e9 spadaj\u00ed do pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed, nejsou v\u00fdslovn\u011b omezeny; tento p\u0159\u00edstup m\u016f\u017ee zahrnovat v\u0161echny aspekty softwaru, v\u010detn\u011b k\u00f3du.<\/p>\n<p>Jednou z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch podobnost\u00ed mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma typy testov\u00e1n\u00ed je nedostatek p\u0159edv\u00eddavosti testera. Teste\u0159i \u010dern\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ky obvykle nejsou p\u0159ed testov\u00e1n\u00edm softwaru obezn\u00e1meni s jeho fungov\u00e1n\u00edm a pr\u016fzkumn\u00ed teste\u0159i se v r\u00e1mci po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edho zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed dozv\u011bd\u00ed, jak software funguje.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed obecn\u011b nen\u00ed v\u017edy klasifikov\u00e1no jako testov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ky, je pravda, \u017ee se tyto dva p\u0159\u00edstupy zna\u010dn\u011b prol\u00ednaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed je specifick\u00fd typ testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 pro aplikaci mnoho v\u00fdhod a umo\u017e\u0148uje j\u00ed pln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt jej\u00ed potenci\u00e1l. Zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm t\u00fdm za\u010dlen\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed do sv\u00fdch rutinn\u00edch kontrol, m\u016f\u017ee dokonce rozhodnout o tom, jak dob\u0159e bude software fungovat, zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee se tak k testovac\u00edm postup\u016fm p\u0159istupuje nov\u00fdmi a ne\u010dekan\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby. To pom\u00e1h\u00e1 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14624,"featured_media":11745,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed - typy, proces, n\u00e1stroje a dal\u0161\u00ed!  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