{"id":57649,"date":"2023-04-19T20:20:42","date_gmt":"2023-04-19T20:20:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi"},"modified":"2023-04-19T20:20:42","modified_gmt":"2023-04-19T20:20:42","slug":"manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi","title":{"rendered":"Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed &#8211; co to je, typy, postupy, p\u0159\u00edstupy, n\u00e1stroje a dal\u0161\u00ed!"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1><\/h1>\n<p>A\u0165 u\u017e programujete software pro \u010dleny vlastn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti nebo pro \u0161irokou klientskou z\u00e1kladnu, spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 postupy a r\u00e1mce testov\u00e1n\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e manu\u00e1ln\u00ed, automatick\u00e9 nebo hybridn\u00ed, vedou ke konzistentn\u00ed kvalit\u011b softwaru, lep\u0161\u00ed pov\u011bsti a efektivit\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>V z\u00e1vislosti na firm\u011b, pro kterou pracujete, prob\u00edh\u00e1 velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st testov\u00e1n\u00ed formou manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Zjist\u011bte v\u00edce o tom, co je to manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed, jak\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti testuj\u00ed pomoc\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch informac\u00ed o procesech testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #b90000;color:#b90000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #b90000;color:#b90000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#Co_je_to_rucni_testovani\" >Co je to ru\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#1_Kdy_je_treba_provest_manualni_testovani\" >1. Kdy je t\u0159eba prov\u00e9st manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#2_Kdyz_nepotrebujete_provadet_rucni_testovani\" >2. Kdy\u017e nepot\u0159ebujete prov\u00e1d\u011bt ru\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#3_Kdo_se_podili_na_manualnim_testovani\" >3. Kdo se pod\u00edl\u00ed na manu\u00e1ln\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#%E2%80%93_Vyvojar\" >&#8211; V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#%E2%80%93_QA_tester\" >&#8211; QA tester<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#%E2%80%93_Manazer_QA\" >&#8211; Mana\u017eer QA<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#Co_testujeme_pomoci_manualnich_testu\" >Co testujeme pomoc\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edch test\u016f?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#1_Zakladni_funkce\" >1. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funkce<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#2_Navrh_uzivatelskeho_rozhrani\" >2. N\u00e1vrh u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#3_Penetracni_testovani\" >3. Penetra\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#4_Pruzkumne_testovani\" >4. Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#Zivotni_cyklus_manualnich_testu\" >\u017divotn\u00ed cyklus manu\u00e1ln\u00edch test\u016f<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#%E2%80%93_Planovani\" >&#8211; Pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#%E2%80%93_Testovani\" >&#8211; Testov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#%E2%80%93_Analyza\" >&#8211; Anal\u00fdza:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#%E2%80%93_Provadeni\" >&#8211; Prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#%E2%80%93_Restartujte_planovani\" >&#8211; Restartujte pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#Vyhody_manualniho_testovani\" >V\u00fdhody manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#1_Vetsi_flexibilita\" >1. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed flexibilita<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#2_Kvalitativni_informace\" >2. Kvalitativn\u00ed informace<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#3_Zadna_omezeni_ze_strany_prostredi\" >3. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed ze strany prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#4_Umoznuje_testovani_pouzitelnosti\" >4. Umo\u017e\u0148uje testov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017eitelnosti<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#Uskali_manualniho_testovani\" >\u00daskal\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#1_Urovne_dovednosti_testeru\" >1. \u00darovn\u011b dovednost\u00ed tester\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#2_Naklady_na_testovani\" >2. N\u00e1klady na testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#3_Casova_narocnost\" >3. \u010casov\u00e1 n\u00e1ro\u010dnost<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#4_Moznost_vyskytu_chyb\" >4. Mo\u017enost v\u00fdskytu chyb<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#Charakteristiky_manualnich_testu\" >Charakteristiky manu\u00e1ln\u00edch test\u016f<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#1_Optimalizovane_testovaci_pripady\" >1. Optimalizovan\u00e9 testovac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#2_Srozumitelnejsi_metriky\" >2. Srozumiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metriky<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#3_Inteligentni_hlaseni\" >3. Inteligentn\u00ed hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#4_Opakovane_spusteni_strategii\" >4. Opakovan\u00e9 spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed strategi\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#Typy_manualnich_testu\" >Typy manu\u00e1ln\u00edch test\u016f<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#1_Testovani_bile_skrinky\" >1. Testov\u00e1n\u00ed b\u00edl\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ky<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#2_Testovani_cerne_skrinky\" >2. Testov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ky<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#3_Testovani_sede_skrinky\" >3. Testov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161ed\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ky<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#Vyjasneni_nekterych_nejasnosti_%E2%80%93_manualni_testovani_vs_automaticke_testovani\" >Vyjasn\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch nejasnost\u00ed &#8211; manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed vs. automatick\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#1_Co_je_to_automaticke_testovani\" >1. Co je to automatick\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#2_Jaky_je_rozdil_mezi_manualnimi_a_automatizovanymi_testy\" >2. Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi manu\u00e1ln\u00edmi a automatizovan\u00fdmi testy?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#3_Zaver_Manualni_testovani_versus_automatizovane_testovani\" >3. Z\u00e1v\u011br: Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed versus automatizovan\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#Vyvraceni_5_mytu_o_rucnim_testovani\" >Vyvr\u00e1cen\u00ed 5 m\u00fdt\u016f o ru\u010dn\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#1_Testovani_je_jedinym_oddelenim_odpovednym_za_kvalitu_vyrobku\" >1. Testov\u00e1n\u00ed je jedin\u00fdm odd\u011blen\u00edm odpov\u011bdn\u00fdm za kvalitu v\u00fdrobk\u016f.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#2_Na_rucnim_testovani_uz_nezalezi\" >2. Na ru\u010dn\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017e nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#3_Je_pro_lidi_kteri_neumeji_programovat\" >3. Je pro lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed neum\u011bj\u00ed programovat.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#4_Muzete_vytvaret_software_bez_chyb\" >4. M\u016f\u017eete vytv\u00e1\u0159et software bez chyb<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#5_Testovani_neprinasi_zadnou_pridanou_hodnotu\" >5. Testov\u00e1n\u00ed nep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou p\u0159idanou hodnotu<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#Co_potrebujete_k_zahajeni_rucniho_testovani\" >Co pot\u0159ebujete k zah\u00e1jen\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#1_Software\" >1. Software<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#2_Pozadavky_na_software\" >2. Po\u017eadavky na software<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#3_Vhodny_hardware\" >3. Vhodn\u00fd hardware<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#Proces_rucniho_testovani\" >Proces ru\u010dn\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#1_Analyza_pozadavku\" >1. Anal\u00fdza po\u017eadavk\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#2_Vytvoreni_planu_testovani\" >2. Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed pl\u00e1nu testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#3_Napiste_testovaci_pripady\" >3. Napi\u0161te testovac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#4_Zkontrolujte_sve_pripady\" >4. Zkontrolujte sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#5_Provedeni_manualnich_testu\" >5. Proveden\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edch test\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#6_Nahlaseni_pripadnych_chyb\" >6. Nahl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch chyb<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#Osvedcene_postupy_pro_rucni_testovani\" >Osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 postupy pro ru\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#1_Zamerte_se_na_jasnost\" >1. Zam\u011b\u0159te se na jasnost<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#2_Pouzivejte_prubeznou_kontrolu\" >2. Pou\u017e\u00edvejte pr\u016fb\u011b\u017enou kontrolu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#3_Nehledejte_jen_chyby\" >3. Nehledejte jen chyby<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#Typy_vystupu_z_manualniho_testu\" >Typy v\u00fdstup\u016f z manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testu<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#1_Protokol_zavad\" >1. Protokol z\u00e1vad<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#2_Kvalitativni_udaje\" >2. Kvalitativn\u00ed \u00fadaje<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#3_Chybova_hlaseni\" >3. Chybov\u00e1 hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-67\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#Priklady_manualnich_testu\" >P\u0159\u00edklady manu\u00e1ln\u00edch test\u016f<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-68\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#1_Testovani_jednotek\" >1. Testov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotek<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-69\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#2_End-to-end_testovani\" >2. End-to-end testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-70\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#3_Uzivatelske_akceptacni_testovani\" >3. U\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 akcepta\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-71\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#Typy_chyb_a_nedostatku_odhalenych_pri_manualnim_testovani_ktere_automaticke_testovani_prehledne\" >Typy chyb a nedostatk\u016f odhalen\u00fdch p\u0159i manu\u00e1ln\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 automatick\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ehl\u00e9dne<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-72\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#1_Spatny_pracovni_postup\" >1. \u0160patn\u00fd pracovn\u00ed postup<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-73\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#2_Graficke_problemy\" >2. Grafick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-74\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#3_Nepresne_odkazy\" >3. Nep\u0159esn\u00e9 odkazy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-75\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#Bezne_metriky_manualniho_testovani\" >B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 metriky manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-76\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#1_Vady\" >1. Vady<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-77\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#2_Pocet_zavad_za_hodinu_testovani\" >2. Po\u010det z\u00e1vad za hodinu testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-78\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#3_Procento_uspesnych_testu\" >3. Procento \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch test\u016f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-79\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#7_chyb_a_nastrah_pri_provadeni_manualnich_testu\" >7 chyb a n\u00e1strah p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edch test\u016f<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-80\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#1_Oprava_chyby_vlastnimi_silami\" >1. Oprava chyby vlastn\u00edmi silami<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-81\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#2_Spech_pri_testech\" >2. Sp\u011bch p\u0159i testech<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-82\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#3_Spatna_komunikace\" >3. \u0160patn\u00e1 komunikace<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-83\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#4_Testovani_bez_pripravy\" >4. Testov\u00e1n\u00ed bez p\u0159\u00edpravy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-84\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#5_Ignorovani_instinktu\" >5. Ignorov\u00e1n\u00ed instinkt\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-85\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#6_Strach_z_chyb\" >6. Strach z chyb<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-86\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#7_Nedodrzovani_prestavek\" >7. Nedodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159est\u00e1vek<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-87\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#Nejlepsi_nastroje_pro_rucni_testovani\" >Nejlep\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stroje pro ru\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-88\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#5_nejlepsich_bezplatnych_nastroju_pro_rucni_testovani\" >5 nejlep\u0161\u00edch bezplatn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro ru\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-89\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#1_JIRA\" >1. JIRA<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-90\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#2_LoadRunner\" >2. LoadRunner<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-91\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#3_SonarQube\" >3. SonarQube<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-92\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#4_Trac\" >4. Trac<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-93\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#5_NUnit\" >5. NUnit<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-94\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#5_nejlepsich_bezplatnych_nastroju_pro_automaticke_testovani\" >5 nejlep\u0161\u00edch bezplatn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro automatick\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-95\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#1_ZAPTEST_FREE_EDITION\" >1. ZAPTEST FREE EDITION<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-96\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#2_Appium\" >2. Appium<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-97\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#3_Platforma_Katalon\" >3. Platforma Katalon<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-98\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#4_Robotium\" >4. Robotium<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-99\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#5_Loadster\" >5. Loadster<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-100\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#Zaver\" >Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-101\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#Casto_kladene_dotazy_a_zdroje\" >\u010casto kladen\u00e9 dotazy a zdroje<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-102\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#1_Nejlepsi_kurzy_o_automatizaci_manualniho_testovani\" >1. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed kurzy o automatizaci manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-103\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#2_Jakych_je_5_nejcastejsich_otazek_pri_pohovoru_na_tema_manualni_testovani\" >2. Jak\u00fdch je 5 nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ot\u00e1zek p\u0159i pohovoru na t\u00e9ma manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-104\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#3_Nejlepsi_vyukove_programy_na_Youtube_o_manualnim_testovani\" >3. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdukov\u00e9 programy na Youtube o manu\u00e1ln\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-105\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/manualni-testovani-co-to-je-typy-postupy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\/#4_Jak_udrzovat_manualni_testy\" >4. Jak udr\u017eovat manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testy?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_to_rucni_testovani\"><\/span><strong>Co je to ru\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-56671\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/person-wondering-about-software-testing-1024x683.jpeg\" alt=\"vyjasn\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch nejasnost\u00ed v automatizaci testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru\" width=\"345\" height=\"230\"><\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed je typ testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m je testovac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad proveden ru\u010dn\u011b testerem bez pomoci <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/co-je-automatizace-testovani-jednoduchy-pruvodce-bez-zargonu\">automatizovan\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Spole\u010dnosti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed jako metodu identifikace chyb nebo probl\u00e9m\u016f ve sv\u00e9m softwaru. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jej ozna\u010duj\u00ed za jednoduchou nebo primitivn\u00ed formu testov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku zji\u0161\u0165uje funk\u010dnost programu, ani\u017e by bylo nutn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\">testovac\u00ed n\u00e1stroje t\u0159et\u00edch stran<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161echny formy testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru maj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 manu\u00e1ln\u00ed aspekty, proto\u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 funkce aplikace prost\u011b nelze otestovat bez ru\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1sahu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Kdy_je_treba_provest_manualni_testovani\"><\/span><strong>1. Kdy je t\u0159eba prov\u00e9st manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed v n\u011bkolika f\u00e1z\u00edch, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e prvn\u00ed z nich je f\u00e1ze v\u00fdvoje z\u00e1kladn\u00edch funkc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funkce softwaru ve v\u00fdvoji, testuj\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i softwaru, zda jednotliv\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti programu funguj\u00ed ru\u010dn\u011b, proto\u017ee je to rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159et testovac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady pro pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti k\u00f3du.<\/p>\n<p>Ru\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed je tak\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 v posledn\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch v\u00fdvoje, kdy je vytvo\u0159eno u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed programu. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/co-je-testovani-uzivatelskeho-rozhrani-softwaru-hloubkovy-ponor-do-typu-procesu-nastroju-a-implementace\">Testov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed<\/a> spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee se zji\u0161\u0165uje, jak re\u00e1ln\u00fd u\u017eivatel reaguje na zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm jsou navr\u017eeny nab\u00eddky a jak syst\u00e9m funguje.<\/p>\n<p>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e o mno\u017estv\u00ed kvalitativn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f a osobn\u00edch n\u00e1zor\u016f ne\u017e o \u010dist\u011b kvantitativn\u00ed metriky, je manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak z\u00edskat v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru vhledu do produktu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Kdyz_nepotrebujete_provadet_rucni_testovani\"><\/span><strong>2. Kdy\u017e nepot\u0159ebujete prov\u00e1d\u011bt ru\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Existuje n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, kdy by ru\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed zabralo mnohem v\u00edce \u010dasu a \u00fasil\u00ed, ne\u017e je nutn\u00e9, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b testov\u00e1n\u00ed datab\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Datab\u00e1ze zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed dat a jejich ru\u010dn\u00ed zad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed by organizaci zabralo mnoho \u010dasu a bylo by neefektivn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt automatizovan\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed zpracovat velk\u00e9 bal\u00edky dat v omezen\u00e9m \u010dase.<\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed je tak\u00e9 m\u00e9n\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 v oblastech, jako jsou <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/co-je-testovani-zateze-hloubkovy-ponor-do-typu-postupu-nastroju-vyzev-a-dalsich-aspektu\">z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00e9 testy<\/a>, kdy v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 prov\u00e1d\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby zjistil, jak jeho software zvl\u00e1d\u00e1 zna\u010dnou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e u\u017eivatel\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>To je \u010dast\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad online aplikac\u00ed a program\u016f se servery, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed d\u016fkladn\u00e9 posouzen\u00ed. Prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edch test\u016f by vy\u017eadovalo, aby k aplikaci p\u0159istupovalo mnoho osob najednou, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k vysok\u00fdm n\u00e1klad\u016fm na pracovn\u00ed s\u00edlu u slu\u017eby, kterou m\u016f\u017ee automatizovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru prov\u00e9st s mnohem ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1klady.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Kdo_se_podili_na_manualnim_testovani\"><\/span><strong>3. Kdo se pod\u00edl\u00ed na manu\u00e1ln\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zam\u011bstnanci, kte\u0159\u00ed se pod\u00edlej\u00ed na manu\u00e1ln\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na povaze spole\u010dnosti, ve kter\u00e9 pracujete.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se pod\u00edlej\u00ed na procesu manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed, krom\u011b toho, v jak\u00e9m v\u00fdvojov\u00e9m t\u00fdmu tyto role najdete:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%93_Vyvojar\"><\/span><strong>&#8211; V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 je do procesu zapojen pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b, testuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funk\u010dnost softwaru a prov\u00e1d\u00ed aktualizace k\u00f3du v z\u00e1vislosti na zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazb\u011b od tester\u016f QA.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00edch test\u016f, proto\u017ee jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00ed za to, aby moduly fungovaly na vysok\u00e9 \u00farovni ji\u017e v nejran\u011bj\u0161\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch v\u00fdvoje softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%93_QA_tester\"><\/span><strong>&#8211; QA tester<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch t\u00fdmech <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/qa-test-automation\">teste\u0159i QA<\/a> v\u00fdhradn\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed pro spole\u010dnost a zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed, aby aplikace fungovala tak, jak klient o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Tester QA je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve f\u00e1z\u00edch testov\u00e1n\u00ed, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/co-je-integracni-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-a-implementace\">integrace<\/a> a \u00fadr\u017eby v\u00fdvoje, kdy p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed od samotn\u00fdch v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed testuj\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu implementace.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%93_Manazer_QA\"><\/span><strong>&#8211; Mana\u017eer QA<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>V nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch firm\u00e1ch p\u0159id\u011bluj\u00ed mana\u017ee\u0159i QA testery ke konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm \u00fakol\u016fm a oblastem projektu.<\/p>\n<p>Jsou tak\u00e9 zodpov\u011bdn\u00ed za vytvo\u0159en\u00ed seznamu v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba dokon\u010dit, a za \u010dten\u00ed zku\u0161ebn\u00edch zpr\u00e1v. To je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i manu\u00e1ln\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee spokojenost zam\u011bstnanc\u016f m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159in\u00e9st mnohem lep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_testujeme_pomoci_manualnich_testu\"><\/span><strong>Co testujeme pomoc\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edch test\u016f?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Existuje n\u011bkolik r\u016fzn\u00fdch aspekt\u016f softwaru, kter\u00e9 manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testy zkoumaj\u00ed, a ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich je d\u00edky specifick\u00fdm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m test\u016f lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Krom\u011b d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d se manu\u00e1ln\u00edm test\u016fm da\u0159\u00ed, pat\u0159\u00ed mezi hlavn\u00ed funkce, pro kter\u00e9 je v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testy:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Zakladni_funkce\"><\/span><strong>1. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funkce<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Jedna z prvn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed procesu testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funk\u010dnost\u00ed softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 nebo tester projde jeden z funk\u010dn\u00edch modul\u016f k\u00f3du a posoud\u00ed, zda funguje podle o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Vzhledem k mal\u00e9mu rozsahu t\u011bchto modul\u016f se vyplat\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159it se na ru\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/co-je-automatizace-testovani-jednoduchy-pruvodce-bez-zargonu\">automatizace<\/a> by trvala p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edkladem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt datab\u00e1zov\u00fd software, kdy teste\u0159i vlo\u017e\u00ed do funkce ur\u010dit\u00fd \u00fadaj a ji\u017e znaj\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd v\u00fdstup.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud se ob\u011b hodnoty shoduj\u00ed, je test \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd. Testov\u00e1n\u00ed v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi procesu vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pevn\u00fd z\u00e1klad pro zbytek pr\u00e1ce spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Navrh_uzivatelskeho_rozhrani\"><\/span><strong>2. N\u00e1vrh u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>U\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed ozna\u010duje u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed softwaru, tedy nab\u00eddky, tla\u010d\u00edtka a interaktivitu, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 u\u017eivatel k dispozici.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ui-testing-automation\">Testov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed<\/a> se zam\u011b\u0159uje jak na zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed funguje, tak na to, zda je pro u\u017eivatele pohodln\u00e9, v\u010detn\u011b toho, zda m\u016f\u017ee u\u017eivatel pracovat se v\u0161emi funkcemi a zda jsou nab\u00eddky esteticky p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Ru\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed je v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi nezbytn\u00e9, proto\u017ee kvalitativn\u00ed informace, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad zda rozhran\u00ed vypadaj\u00ed dob\u0159e, nejsou n\u011b\u010d\u00edm, v \u010dem by automatizovan\u00fd program vynikal.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Penetracni_testovani\"><\/span><strong>3. Penetra\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Penetra\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed znamen\u00e1 testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwarov\u00e9ho bal\u00edku s c\u00edlem zjistit, jak snadno m\u016f\u017ee extern\u00ed strana z\u00edskat p\u0159\u00edstup k softwaru nelegitimn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky.<\/p>\n<p>Automatizace softwaru se zam\u011b\u0159uje na dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkolika konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch krok\u016f a dokon\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed proces\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou ji\u017e sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed aplikace, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e na zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, co\u017e je pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed nezbytn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Spole\u010dnost si nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u016f\u017ee najmout etick\u00e9ho hackera, kter\u00fd posoud\u00ed jej\u00ed software a vyhled\u00e1 v\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti, jak by se mohla \u0161kodliv\u00e1 strana dostat k u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdm dat\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>To je v posledn\u00edch letech, kdy bylo GDPR uz\u00e1kon\u011bno v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b, st\u00e1le d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Pruzkumne_testovani\"><\/span><strong>4. Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/pruzkumne-testovani-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-ramcu-a-dalsiho\">Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a> se vztahuje na testov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba prov\u00e9st pouze jednou nebo dvakr\u00e1t, a jeho n\u00e1zev vznikl proto, \u017ee je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed &#8222;zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed&#8220; softwaru, zda neobsahuje neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 funkce nebo chyby.<\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed je v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee naps\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00f3du pro testovac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad zabere \u010das a ru\u010dn\u00ed vstup do softwaru a jeho prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed zabere m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasu.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edkladem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt situace, kdy chce v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 zkontrolovat, zda je ur\u010dit\u00e1 funkce spr\u00e1vn\u011b integrov\u00e1na, a jedin\u00fdm testem ov\u011b\u0159\u00ed, zda data spr\u00e1vn\u011b proch\u00e1zej\u00ed programem.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zivotni_cyklus_manualnich_testu\"><\/span><strong>\u017divotn\u00ed cyklus manu\u00e1ln\u00edch test\u016f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>V \u017eivotn\u00edm cyklu manu\u00e1ln\u00edch test\u016f existuje n\u011bkolik f\u00e1z\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ke zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly aspekt\u016f softwarov\u00e9ho bal\u00edku.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>N\u011bkter\u00e9 f\u00e1ze \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu manu\u00e1ln\u00edch test\u016f zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%93_Planovani\"><\/span><strong>&#8211; Pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Napl\u00e1nujte kolo testov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zahrnuje posouzen\u00ed po\u017eadavk\u016f na aplikaci, konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed testy, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba prov\u00e9st, a sestaven\u00ed, na kter\u00e9m software testujete.<\/p>\n<p>Tato f\u00e1ze zahrnuje naps\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech testovac\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f pro manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testera a vytvo\u0159en\u00ed testovac\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Bu\u010fte d\u016fkladn\u00ed, abyste zabr\u00e1nili tomu, \u017ee manu\u00e1ln\u00ed teste\u0159i budou n\u00e1hodn\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bt testy r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%93_Testovani\"><\/span><strong>&#8211; Testov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Vypl\u0148te testy. To zahrnuje opakovan\u00e9 proch\u00e1zen\u00ed testovac\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f za \u00fa\u010delem z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed konzistentn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f a zaznamen\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech z\u00edskan\u00fdch informac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud se od testovac\u00edho p\u0159\u00edpadu v\u016fbec odch\u00fdl\u00edte, poznamenejte si, jak a pro\u010d. Rozd\u00edly se nej\u010dast\u011bji vyskytuj\u00ed u <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/testovani-od-konce-ke-konci-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-testu-e2e-procesu-pristupu-nastroju-a-dalsiho\">end-to-end test\u016f<\/a>, ale u v\u0161ech manu\u00e1ln\u00edch test\u016f se mohou vyskytnout ur\u010dit\u00e9 rozd\u00edly ve zp\u016fsobu pr\u00e1ce testera.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%93_Analyza\"><\/span><strong>&#8211; Anal\u00fdza:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Analyzujte v\u0161echny v\u00fdsledky, kter\u00e9 jste z\u00edskali z test\u016f. To zahrnuje zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed chyb v softwaru a mo\u017en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din probl\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159ekro\u010dte r\u00e1mec prost\u00e9 funk\u010dnosti a integrujte kvalitativn\u00ed informace, nap\u0159\u00edklad s ohledem na design aplikace.<\/p>\n<p>Kvalitativn\u00edm informac\u00edm se da\u0159\u00ed zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i manu\u00e1ln\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed, kdy teste\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed popisn\u00e9 \u00fadaje, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm poskytuj\u00ed informace o drobn\u00fdch \u00faprav\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlep\u0161uj\u00ed zku\u0161enosti s aplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%93_Provadeni\"><\/span><strong>&#8211; Prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pou\u017eijte p\u0159edchoz\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy k proveden\u00ed \u0159ady zm\u011bn. V z\u00e1vislosti na zm\u011bn\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017ee j\u00edt o dlouh\u00fd proces, kdy v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i experimentuj\u00ed s k\u00f3dem, aby na\u0161li \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed chyb, kter\u00e9 se vyskytovaly v p\u0159edchoz\u00edch verz\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhodu, kdy\u017e s testerem proberou v\u0161echny zm\u011bny. To ob\u011bma stran\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee spr\u00e1vn\u011b pochopit, co je t\u0159eba upravit a jak to lze upravit, a\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o funk\u010dn\u00ed nebo designovou zm\u011bnu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%93_Restartujte_planovani\"><\/span><strong>&#8211; Restartujte pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zat\u00edmco v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed opravu probl\u00e9m\u016f v p\u0159edchoz\u00edch testech, napl\u00e1nujte dal\u0161\u00ed sadu test\u016f. To zahrnuje testov\u00e1n\u00ed nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aktualizac\u00ed a pokusy o obnoven\u00ed chyb, kter\u00e9 se vyskytovaly v posledn\u00ed verzi.<\/p>\n<p>Tento neust\u00e1l\u00fd cyklus test\u016f znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se software neust\u00e1le zlep\u0161uje a nikdy nen\u00ed statick\u00fd. Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t zdlouhav\u00e9, ale d\u00edky flexibilit\u011b a kontinuit\u011b, kterou nab\u00edz\u00ed p\u0159i opakovan\u00fdch testech, se investice v\u00fdrazn\u011b vr\u00e1t\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyhody_manualniho_testovani\"><\/span><strong>V\u00fdhody manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed ve firm\u011b vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed software m\u00e1 mnoho v\u00fdhod, od kvality samotn\u00e9ho softwaru a\u017e po zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm projekt ovliv\u0148uje finance firmy.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mezi v\u00fdhody pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed ve firm\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Vetsi_flexibilita\"><\/span><strong>1. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed flexibilita<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>K automatizaci test\u016f je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed, aby analytik QA vstoupil do softwaru a nak\u00f3doval testovac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad, kter\u00fd poka\u017ed\u00e9 provede p\u0159esnou sadu krok\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>A\u010dkoli je to n\u011bkdy v\u00fdhodn\u00e9, lidsk\u00fd tester m\u016f\u017ee proj\u00edt procesem a v\u0161imnout si n\u011b\u010deho, co nen\u00ed na sv\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e to prozkoum\u00e1, ani\u017e by musel zm\u011bnit \u0159\u00e1dek k\u00f3du.<\/p>\n<p>To v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje flexibilitu va\u0161ich test\u016f a znamen\u00e1, \u017ee najdete probl\u00e9my ve va\u0161em programu, kter\u00e9 by jinak z\u016fstaly nepov\u0161imnuty, a m\u00e1te v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost tyto probl\u00e9my odstranit.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Kvalitativni_informace\"><\/span><strong>2. Kvalitativn\u00ed informace<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Kvalitativn\u00ed informace se vztahuj\u00ed k informac\u00edm, kter\u00e9 n\u011bco popisuj\u00ed, a to je typ informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mohou teste\u0159i nab\u00eddnout t\u00fdmu v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed tester m\u016f\u017ee firm\u011b sd\u011blit, zda je ur\u010dit\u00e9 menu &#8222;neohraban\u00e9&#8220;, a vysv\u011btlit pro\u010d, zat\u00edmco automatiza\u010dn\u00ed program by v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i tento poznatek nemohl poskytnout.<\/p>\n<p>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zaveden\u00edm manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed do sv\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch postup\u016f mohou spole\u010dnosti v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it \u00farove\u0148 aplikace zp\u016fsobem, s n\u00edm\u017e by se p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b automatizace testov\u00e1n\u00ed ve sv\u00fdch procesech pot\u00fdkaly.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Zadna_omezeni_ze_strany_prostredi\"><\/span><strong>3. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed ze strany prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Automatizovan\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na pou\u017eit\u00ed existuj\u00edc\u00ed platformy, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich maj\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Mezi omezen\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch (i kdy\u017e ne v\u0161ech) platforem pat\u0159\u00ed nemo\u017enost pracovat s platformami, jako je <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/linux-test-automation-tool\">Linux<\/a>, schopnost pracovat pouze s ur\u010dit\u00fdm k\u00f3dovac\u00edm jazykem a zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed pouze ur\u010dit\u00e9ho po\u010dtu \u00faloh.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud v testovac\u00edch procesech pracujete s lidmi, tato omezen\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b miz\u00ed. Omezuj\u00ed v\u00e1s pouze schopnosti va\u0161ich manu\u00e1ln\u00edch tester\u016f, nikoliv technick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n<p>To v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee vytvo\u0159it strategii testov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 d\u016fkladn\u011bji prov\u011b\u0159\u00ed program, ani\u017e byste museli d\u011blat kompromisy.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Umoznuje_testovani_pouzitelnosti\"><\/span><strong>4. Umo\u017e\u0148uje testov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017eitelnosti<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Testov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017eitelnosti je typ testov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 hodnot\u00ed, zda je software &#8222;pou\u017eiteln\u00fd&#8220;, v\u010detn\u011b toho, jak vypad\u00e1 a jak se v n\u011bm c\u00edt\u00ed koncov\u00fd u\u017eivatel.<\/p>\n<p>Tento typ testov\u00e1n\u00ed jde nad r\u00e1mec doslovn\u00e9ho posouzen\u00ed, zda lze funkci pou\u017e\u00edvat, ale zkoum\u00e1, zda by si ji n\u011bkdo vybral m\u00edsto konkuren\u010dn\u00edch produkt\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Zaveden\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017eitelnosti poskytuje spole\u010dnostem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ehled a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 prov\u00e1d\u011bt \u00fapravy, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed konkurenceschopnost aplikace, co\u017e v\u00fdvojov\u00fdm t\u00fdm\u016fm automatizace nab\u00eddnout nem\u016f\u017ee.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uskali_manualniho_testovani\"><\/span><strong>\u00daskal\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jak\u00e9hokoli jin\u00e9ho procesu i p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed jako <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/qa-test-automation\">n\u00e1stroje pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kvality<\/a> se objevuje n\u011bkolik probl\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Uv\u011bdom\u00edte-li si tyto probl\u00e9my, m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159izp\u016fsobit techniku, kterou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te p\u0159i ru\u010dn\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru, a zabr\u00e1nit tak z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm a zv\u00fd\u0161it \u00farove\u0148 programu na konci procesu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mezi hlavn\u00ed probl\u00e9my, se kter\u00fdmi se spole\u010dnosti p\u0159i manu\u00e1ln\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed, pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Urovne_dovednosti_testeru\"><\/span><strong>1. \u00darovn\u011b dovednost\u00ed tester\u016f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Prvn\u00edm velk\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem, se kter\u00fdm je t\u0159eba se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat, je po\u017eadovan\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 dovednost\u00ed v\u0161ech manu\u00e1ln\u00edch tester\u016f v t\u00fdmu.<\/p>\n<p>Talentovan\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00ed teste\u0159i jsou pro firmy jasn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00ednosem, proto\u017ee rychleji odhaluj\u00ed chyby a maj\u00ed jistotu, \u017ee jejich software funguje podle o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti v\u017edy hledaj\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testery, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou \u0161pi\u010dkou v oboru a zaru\u010duj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 v\u00fdkonu.<\/p>\n<p>Jako tester se v\u017edy sna\u017ete tyto dovednosti u\u010dit a rozv\u00edjet. Zlep\u0161en\u00e9 dovednosti znamenaj\u00ed, \u017ee spole\u010dnosti p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edte v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hodnotu, proto\u017ee manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed odhal\u00ed v\u00edce chyb a zlep\u0161\u00ed u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testy poch\u00e1zej\u00ed od tester\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed str\u00e1vili \u010das zdokonalov\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u00e9ho \u0159emesla.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Naklady_na_testovani\"><\/span><strong>2. N\u00e1klady na testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed je b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm procesem pro firmy v\u0161ech velikost\u00ed, ale v z\u00e1vislosti na zp\u016fsobu, jak\u00fdm manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te, se mohou n\u00e1klady zv\u00fd\u0161it.<\/p>\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 n\u011bkolik vysoce kvalifikovan\u00fdch testovac\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f, m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159i opakovan\u00e9m testov\u00e1n\u00ed utratit spoustu pen\u011bz, proto\u017ee fakticky plat\u00edte za \u010das v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch. V automatizovan\u00fdch testovac\u00edch procesech je to men\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<p>Ide\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm tohoto probl\u00e9mu je pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed dop\u0159edu, proto\u017ee \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce \u010dasu v\u011bnujete pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch test\u016f a jejich po\u0159ad\u00ed, t\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed je pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee se zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady na zam\u011bstnance, proto\u017ee lid\u00e9 budou prov\u00e1d\u011bt testy, kter\u00e9 nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Casova_narocnost\"><\/span><strong>3. \u010casov\u00e1 n\u00e1ro\u010dnost<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Po\u010d\u00edta\u010de jsou rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e lid\u00e9 ve v\u0161ech mo\u017en\u00fdch v\u011bcech, od pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161achov\u00fdch tah\u016f po investov\u00e1n\u00ed pen\u011bz na burze nebo dokonce pouh\u00e9 stisknut\u00ed tla\u010d\u00edtka po zm\u011bn\u011b barvy. Stejn\u00fd koncept plat\u00ed i pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed, kdy u\u017eivatel\u00e9 v\u011bnuj\u00ed \u010das p\u0159e\u010dten\u00ed v\u0161ech informac\u00ed a navigaci v nab\u00eddk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed proto m\u016f\u017ee trvat mnohem d\u00e9le ne\u017e automatizace testov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tomu m\u016f\u017eete \u010delit kombinac\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edch a automatizovan\u00fdch test\u016f, kdy manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testery zbav\u00edte pod\u0159adn\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f a m\u00edsto toho je vyu\u017eijete tam, kde je pot\u0159eba odborn\u00fdch znalost\u00ed. Zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed proces\u016f je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed i pro manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee odstra\u0148uje co nejv\u00edce krok\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Moznost_vyskytu_chyb\"><\/span><strong>4. Mo\u017enost v\u00fdskytu chyb<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Lid\u00e9 d\u011blaj\u00ed chyby. To je p\u0159irozen\u00e9, a\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o vypl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed krok\u016f v nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed v testu nebo o nep\u0159esn\u00e9 zaznamen\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f d\u00edky chybn\u00e9mu kliknut\u00ed. Tyto chyby v\u0161ak mohou zp\u016fsobit v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s p\u0159esnost\u00ed re\u017eimu testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed teste\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou v\u00edce unaven\u00ed nebo unaven\u00ed z opakovan\u00e9ho pln\u011bn\u00ed stejn\u00e9ho \u00fakolu, se \u010dast\u011bji dopou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed chyb ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed, tak\u017ee pokud je to mo\u017en\u00e9, pou\u017e\u00edvejte automatizaci, abyste tomu p\u0159ede\u0161li, nebo d\u00e1vejte tester\u016fm pravideln\u00e9 p\u0159est\u00e1vky od obrazovky, proto\u017ee d\u00edky tomu budou l\u00e9pe vn\u00edmat, co se d\u011bje.<\/p>\n<p>Vedouc\u00ed pracovn\u00edci mohou tak\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017eit \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pracovn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo vyho\u0159en\u00ed a probl\u00e9m\u016fm s lidmi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Charakteristiky_manualnich_testu\"><\/span><strong>Charakteristiky manu\u00e1ln\u00edch test\u016f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>U manu\u00e1ln\u00edch test\u016f je t\u0159eba hledat n\u011bkolik hlavn\u00edch charakteristik. Ty definuj\u00ed, co je to manu\u00e1ln\u00ed test, a p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 prvky, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159i navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed test\u016f zohlednit.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si v\u00edce o n\u011bkter\u00fdch hlavn\u00edch charakteristik\u00e1ch manu\u00e1ln\u00edch test\u016f a jejich v\u00fdznamu v prost\u0159ed\u00ed aktivn\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Optimalizovane_testovaci_pripady\"><\/span><strong>1. Optimalizovan\u00e9 testovac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i manu\u00e1ln\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou testovac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady vysoce optimalizovan\u00e9. Jedn\u00e1 se o instrukce, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 manu\u00e1ln\u00ed tester p\u0159ed dokon\u010den\u00edm testu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e vysok\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 optimalizace vede k tomu, \u017ee testovac\u00ed t\u00fdm u\u0161et\u0159\u00ed \u010das a zdroje, proto\u017ee prov\u00e1d\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b \u00fakol\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>V\u017edy se sna\u017ete omezit velikost testovac\u00edho p\u0159\u00edpadu, pokud je to mo\u017en\u00e9, abyste co nejl\u00e9pe vyu\u017eili dostupn\u00e9 zdroje.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Srozumitelnejsi_metriky\"><\/span><strong>2. Srozumiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metriky<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Nejlep\u0161\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 srozumiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metriky. Tam, kde automatizace testov\u00e1n\u00ed neust\u00e1le generuje komplexn\u00ed statistiky a informace, nestoj\u00ed p\u0159ehled, kter\u00fd tyto metriky mohou poskytnout, za \u010das, kter\u00fd by manu\u00e1ln\u00edmu testerovi zabralo jejich vypln\u011bn\u00ed nebo v\u00fdpo\u010det.<\/p>\n<p>Alternativou jsou manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testy, kter\u00e9 zahrnuj\u00ed mnohem jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed metriky, kter\u00e9 se snadno generuj\u00ed a jejich\u017e anal\u00fdza v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi procesu zabere m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Inteligentni_hlaseni\"><\/span><strong>3. Inteligentn\u00ed hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed vede k inteligentn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu reportov\u00e1n\u00ed ze strany testovac\u00edho t\u00fdmu. Automatizovan\u00e9 testy generuj\u00ed na konci procesu vlastn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy, co\u017e vede k tomu, \u017ee v\u0161echny zpr\u00e1vy maj\u00ed stejn\u00fd form\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>Lid\u0161t\u00ed teste\u0159i jsou mnohem flexibiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a mohou si vytv\u00e1\u0159et vlastn\u00ed reporty a p\u0159id\u00e1vat do nich informace, kter\u00e9 pova\u017euj\u00ed za u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pro v\u00fdvojov\u00fd t\u00fdm, pokud je to nutn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Opakovane_spusteni_strategii\"><\/span><strong>4. Opakovan\u00e9 spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed strategi\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Strategie opakovan\u00e9ho spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed zp\u016fsobu, jak\u00fdm testovac\u00ed t\u00fdm opakovan\u011b spou\u0161t\u00ed testy a shroma\u017e\u010fuje \u00fadaje z opakovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed \u00faloh.<\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed znamen\u00e1, \u017ee strategie opakovan\u00e9ho spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jsou mnohem flexibiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a teste\u0159i mohou dokon\u010dit v\u00edce test\u016f, pokud si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee je t\u0159eba je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco prozkoumat.<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testy tak\u00e9 aktivn\u011b podporuj\u00ed variabilitu akc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 u\u017eivatel prov\u00e1d\u00ed, a poskytuj\u00ed tak data z \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho spektra chov\u00e1n\u00ed. T\u00edm se z\u00edsk\u00e1 v\u00edce \u00fadaj\u016f o softwaru a vytvo\u0159\u00ed se ucelen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed strategie aktualizace do budoucna.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Typy_manualnich_testu\"><\/span><strong>Typy manu\u00e1ln\u00edch test\u016f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Spole\u010dnosti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed t\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed \u00farovn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu tester\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00fd typ je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd ve sv\u00e9m vlastn\u00edm kontextu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mezi hlavn\u00ed typy manu\u00e1ln\u00edch test\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Testovani_bile_skrinky\"><\/span><strong>1. Testov\u00e1n\u00ed b\u00edl\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ky<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Testov\u00e1n\u00ed b\u00edl\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ky je forma testov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje mo\u017enost tester\u016f nahl\u00e9dnout do v\u0161ech zdrojov\u00fdch k\u00f3d\u016f a dokumentace n\u00e1vrhu softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>Tato vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 p\u0159\u00edstupu znamen\u00e1, \u017ee tester m\u016f\u017ee vid\u011bt v\u0161echny jednotliv\u00e9 aspekty k\u00f3du a jejich vliv na fungov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru. To je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro nejran\u011bj\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1ze procesu v\u00fdvoje, proto\u017ee v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i se mohou ru\u010dn\u011b pod\u00edvat na sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed k\u00f3d, porovnat jej s testovac\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edpady a snadno naj\u00edt oblast, kter\u00e1 zp\u016fsobuje v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e oprav\u00ed v\u0161echny existuj\u00edc\u00ed chyby.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Testovani_cerne_skrinky\"><\/span><strong>2. Testov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ky<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/testovani-cerne-skrinky-co-to-je-typy-proces-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\">Testov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ky<\/a> ozna\u010duje formu testov\u00e1n\u00ed, kdy teste\u0159i nevid\u00ed nic z toho, co se d\u011bje za u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdm rozhran\u00edm. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nemaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu k\u00f3du ani k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 dokumentaci n\u00e1vrhu a \u017ee teste\u0159i p\u0159istupuj\u00ed k softwaru bez jak\u00fdchkoli znalost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed teste\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tento p\u0159\u00edstup v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch v\u00fdvojov\u00e9ho procesu, proto\u017ee <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/testovani-uat-hluboky-ponor-do-vyznamu-uzivatelske-akceptace-typy-procesy-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\">u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 akcepta\u010dn\u00ed testy<\/a> a end-to-end testov\u00e1n\u00ed vy\u017eaduj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e pohled koncov\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele ne\u017e n\u011bkoho, kdo se pod\u00edlel na v\u00fdvojov\u00e9m procesu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Testovani_sede_skrinky\"><\/span><strong>3. Testov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161ed\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ky<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/testovani-sede-skrinky-hluboky-ponor-do-toho-co-to-je-typy-proces-pristupy-nastroje-a-dalsi\">Testov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161ed\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ky<\/a> je kombinac\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 a b\u00edl\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ky a vy\u017eaduje, aby m\u011bl tester mo\u017enost nahl\u00e9dnout do \u010d\u00e1sti dokumentace a zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du. To v sob\u011b spojuje v\u00fdhodu, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 vid\u011bt potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny jak\u00fdchkoli probl\u00e9m\u016f a z\u00e1rove\u0148 omezit informace, co\u017e pom\u00e1h\u00e1 s funkcemi, jako je <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/sprava-testovacich-dat-tdm-v-testovani-softwaru-definice-historie-nastroje-procesy-a-dalsi\">manipulace s daty<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>V pr\u016fb\u011bhu st\u0159edn\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00fdvoje pou\u017e\u00edvejte manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161ed\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ky, kter\u00e9 poskytne tester\u016fm n\u011bkter\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed informace, ale st\u00e1le je nut\u00ed spol\u00e9hat se na vlastn\u00ed intuici u mnoha funkc\u00ed, aby bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee koncov\u00fd u\u017eivatel m\u016f\u017ee syst\u00e9m\u016fm porozum\u011bt.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyjasneni_nekterych_nejasnosti_%E2%80%93_manualni_testovani_vs_automaticke_testovani\"><\/span><strong>Vyjasn\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch nejasnost\u00ed &#8211; manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed vs. automatick\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze dvou r\u016fzn\u00fdch discipl\u00edn: manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed a automatick\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159esto\u017ee ob\u011b maj\u00ed v podstat\u011b stejnou funkci, jedn\u00e1 se o odli\u0161n\u00e9 discipl\u00edny, kter\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k prov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch softwarov\u00fdch bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si v\u00edce o tom, co je to automatick\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed, jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi automatick\u00fdm a manu\u00e1ln\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00edm a kdy je vhodn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat oba typy testov\u00e1n\u00ed v procesech zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kvality softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Co_je_to_automaticke_testovani\"><\/span><strong>1. Co je to automatick\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Automatizovan\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed je proces, kdy tester pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1stroje t\u0159et\u00ed strany automatizuje \u010d\u00e1st softwaru a zkoum\u00e1 software p\u0159i opakovan\u00e9m prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed stejn\u00e9ho procesu, aby se ujistil, \u017ee pro organizaci funguje na dostate\u010dn\u011b vysok\u00e9 \u00farovni. Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhodou automatizace test\u016f je, \u017ee je mnohem rychlej\u0161\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed pod\u0159adn\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f, jako je zad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dat.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edkladem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt testov\u00e1n\u00ed datab\u00e1ze, zda spr\u00e1vn\u011b zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u0161echny informace, zad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed tis\u00edc\u016f \u00fadaj\u016f do softwaru b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika okam\u017eik\u016f a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 vyhodnocen\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Spole\u010dnosti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed automatick\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 a vysoce opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se \u00falohy. Automatizovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m se nedopust\u00ed drobn\u00fdch chyb, jako je zad\u00e1n\u00ed nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 informace nebo kliknut\u00ed na nespr\u00e1vn\u00fd odkaz.<\/p>\n<p>Mezi hlavn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti softwaru, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, pat\u0159\u00ed \u017eiv\u00e9 servery a datab\u00e1ze, proto\u017ee zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed informac\u00ed a vysokou u\u017eivatelskou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e, co\u017e vy\u017eaduje formu testov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 odpov\u00edd\u00e1 t\u011bmto po\u017eadavk\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Jaky_je_rozdil_mezi_manualnimi_a_automatizovanymi_testy\"><\/span><strong>2. Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi manu\u00e1ln\u00edmi a automatizovan\u00fdmi testy?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi manu\u00e1ln\u00edmi a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/kompletni-pruvodce-automatizaci-testovani-softwaru\">automatizovan\u00fdmi testy<\/a> spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve zp\u016fsobu proveden\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b na \u010dlov\u011bku, kter\u00fd testov\u00e1n\u00ed dokon\u010d\u00ed, sleduje testovac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad a\u017e do konce a zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u0161echny informace.<\/p>\n<p>U automatizovan\u00fdch test\u016f je za dokon\u010den\u00ed testovac\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f po jejich p\u016fvodn\u00edm naps\u00e1n\u00ed analytikem QA zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd program.<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 platformy pro automatizovan\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed tak\u00e9 generuj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy pro u\u017eivatele, co\u017e omezuje \u010das, kter\u00fd mus\u00ed n\u011bkdo str\u00e1vit shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u0161ech dat z experimentu. M\u00edsto toho mohou v\u011bnovat sv\u016fj \u010das vygenerov\u00e1n\u00ed opravy probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 softwarov\u00fd bal\u00edk m\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Zaver_Manualni_testovani_versus_automatizovane_testovani\"><\/span><strong>3. Z\u00e1v\u011br: Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed versus automatizovan\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mezi manu\u00e1ln\u00edm a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/co-je-automatizace-testovani-jednoduchy-pruvodce-bez-zargonu\">automatizovan\u00fdm testov\u00e1n\u00edm<\/a> existuj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozd\u00edly, nebo\u0165 oba koncepty jsou zalo\u017eeny na zcela odli\u0161n\u00fdch z\u00e1kladech.<\/p>\n<p>Na mnoha v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch projektech v\u0161ak mohou \u00fazce spolupracovat. Pou\u017eit\u00edm automatizovan\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fakoly a pou\u017eit\u00edm technik manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed pro ty, kter\u00e9 jsou flexibiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eete v\u00fdrazn\u011b urychlit procesy testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch omyl\u016f o testov\u00e1n\u00ed je, \u017ee m\u00e1te p\u0159ed sebou bin\u00e1rn\u00ed volbu, ale to nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd efektivn\u00ed t\u00fdm zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed kvalitu vzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyvraceni_5_mytu_o_rucnim_testovani\"><\/span><strong>Vyvr\u00e1cen\u00ed 5 m\u00fdt\u016f o ru\u010dn\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Kolem manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed panuje n\u011bkolik m\u00fdt\u016f, kter\u00e9 vedou k tomu, \u017ee se lid\u00e9 \u0159\u00edd\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e ide\u00e1ln\u00edmi metodami a z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f je slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e by muselo b\u00fdt.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mezi p\u011bt hlavn\u00edch m\u00fdt\u016f o manu\u00e1ln\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Testovani_je_jedinym_oddelenim_odpovednym_za_kvalitu_vyrobku\"><\/span><strong>1. Testov\u00e1n\u00ed je jedin\u00fdm odd\u011blen\u00edm odpov\u011bdn\u00fdm za kvalitu v\u00fdrobk\u016f.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Kvalita v\u00fdrobk\u016f je \u00fakolem cel\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, nejen t\u00fdmu zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00edlem testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru je odstranit chyby, kdekoli je to mo\u017en\u00e9, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mnoho lid\u00ed pova\u017euje opravu a vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed chyb za v\u00fdhradn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost t\u00fdmu QA. Naopak, v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i jsou sami zodpov\u011bdn\u00ed za psan\u00ed k\u00f3du, zat\u00edmco mana\u017eersk\u00fd t\u00fdm je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za organizaci v\u00fdvoje.<\/p>\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo m\u00e1 ve firm\u011b n\u011bjakou roli, nese ur\u010ditou odpov\u011bdnost za vytvo\u0159en\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b kvalitn\u00edho produktu, m\u00edsto aby se spol\u00e9hal na to, \u017ee v\u0161echny probl\u00e9my najde testovac\u00ed t\u00fdm a produkt bude co nejd\u0159\u00edve dod\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Na_rucnim_testovani_uz_nezalezi\"><\/span><strong>2. Na ru\u010dn\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017e nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>S n\u00e1stupem um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence a st\u00e1le b\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/kompletni-pruvodce-robotickou-automatizaci-procesu-rpa\">robotick\u00e9 automatizace proces\u016f<\/a> se n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed ji\u017e nem\u00e1 p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji softwaru v\u00fdznam. Spole\u010dnosti vid\u00ed, \u017ee automatizace je relativn\u011b levn\u00e1, a vol\u00ed tuto cestu v\u0161ude, kde je to mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pro spole\u010dnost jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f d\u00edky sv\u00e9 u\u017eite\u010dnosti p\u0159i testov\u00e1n\u00ed E2E, \u010dern\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ky a grafick\u00e9ho u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed. Zaveden\u00edm manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dnosti zjist\u00ed probl\u00e9my v softwaru, kter\u00e9 by jinak automatizace p\u0159ehl\u00e9dla, a zlep\u0161\u00ed tak sv\u016fj produkt nad r\u00e1mec mo\u017en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f, kter\u00e9 by mohly zaznamenat pouze d\u00edky automatizaci.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Je_pro_lidi_kteri_neumeji_programovat\"><\/span><strong>3. Je pro lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed neum\u011bj\u00ed programovat.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch p\u0159edpoklad\u016f n\u011bkter\u00fdch lid\u00ed je, \u017ee lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed neum\u011bj\u00ed programovat, si m\u00edsto toho vyb\u00edraj\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>To v\u0161ak zdaleka nen\u00ed pravda. Znalost k\u00f3du je v mnoha testovac\u00edch pozic\u00edch nutnost\u00ed, proto\u017ee testov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161ed\u00e9 a b\u00edl\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ky spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve \u010dten\u00ed k\u00f3du a pochopen\u00ed toho, jak m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159isp\u011bt k chyb\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 se v softwarov\u00e9m bal\u00ed\u010dku vyskytuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edpokladem, \u017ee se na testov\u00e1n\u00ed pod\u00edlej\u00ed pouze lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed neum\u011bj\u00ed programovat, se potenci\u00e1ln\u011b omezujete na ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 testovac\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f ve sv\u00e9m t\u00fdmu. Pokud jste tester, zva\u017ete absolvov\u00e1n\u00ed kurzu k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed, abyste zlep\u0161ili sv\u00e9 standardy.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Muzete_vytvaret_software_bez_chyb\"><\/span><strong>4. M\u016f\u017eete vytv\u00e1\u0159et software bez chyb<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed do odv\u011btv\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159edpokladem, \u017ee t\u00fdm pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kvality dok\u00e1\u017ee naj\u00edt ka\u017edou chybu v softwaru a pomoci v\u00fdvojov\u00e9mu t\u00fdmu ji vy\u0159e\u0161it.<\/p>\n<p>Teoreticky by to m\u011blo v\u00e9st k tomu, \u017ee produkt nebude m\u00edt v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 chyby a bude zcela vyhovovat z\u00e1kazn\u00edkovi. To je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b ide\u00e1ln\u00ed kone\u010dn\u00fd c\u00edl testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru, ale m\u00e1lokdy je to mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>I ty nejvylad\u011bn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed softwarov\u00e9 bal\u00edky od nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b jsou dod\u00e1v\u00e1ny s chybami, a p\u0159esto\u017ee by m\u011blo b\u00fdt c\u00edlem po\u010det chyb co nejv\u00edce sn\u00ed\u017eit, nen\u00ed na \u0161kodu, kdy\u017e se p\u00e1r drobn\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f dostane do fin\u00e1ln\u00ed verze. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ru\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdvoj po vyd\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Testovani_neprinasi_zadnou_pridanou_hodnotu\"><\/span><strong>5. Testov\u00e1n\u00ed nep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou p\u0159idanou hodnotu<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch m\u00fdt\u016f, kter\u00e9 obklopuj\u00ed jakoukoli formu testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru, je, \u017ee nep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou p\u0159idanou hodnotu softwarov\u00e9mu bal\u00ed\u010dku. Klienti v\u0161ak v\u017edy oce\u0148uj\u00ed kvalitu jako jeden z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aspekt\u016f aplikace, proto\u017ee chybn\u00e9 nebo nekvalitn\u00ed programy okam\u017eit\u011b ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed sv\u00e9 u\u017eivatele, kte\u0159\u00ed hledaj\u00ed alternativy.<\/p>\n<p>Vylad\u011bn\u00fd produkt je pro spole\u010dnost mnohem cenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e produkt, kter\u00fd nefunguje spr\u00e1vn\u011b, a z\u00e1kladem t\u00e9to pr\u00e1ce je efektivn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u0160pi\u010dkov\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed vede ke zna\u010dn\u00fdm zisk\u016fm, pokud se spole\u010dnosti rozhodnou spr\u00e1vn\u011b investovat.<\/p>\n<p>Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, hybridn\u00ed strategie manu\u00e1ln\u00edho a automatick\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u017edy p\u0159inese lep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky testov\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00fdhradn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed kter\u00e9koli z t\u011bchto strategi\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_potrebujete_k_zahajeni_rucniho_testovani\"><\/span><strong>Co pot\u0159ebujete k zah\u00e1jen\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pro zah\u00e1jen\u00ed procesu ru\u010dn\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed je pot\u0159eba n\u011bkolik v\u011bc\u00ed, a pokud m\u00e1te v\u0161echny tyto funkce k dispozici, je testov\u00e1n\u00ed nejen jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>N\u011bkter\u00e9 z v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebujete k zah\u00e1jen\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed, zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Software\"><\/span><strong>1. Software<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Prvn\u00ed v\u011bc\u00ed, kterou tester pot\u0159ebuje k dokon\u010den\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru, je samotn\u00fd software. Koneckonc\u016f manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed je v podstat\u011b nemo\u017en\u00e9, pokud nen\u00ed k dispozici nic, co by se dalo testovat.<\/p>\n<p>Efektivn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru zahrnuje pou\u017eit\u00ed nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed iterace softwaru, proto\u017ee ta obsahuje ve\u0161ker\u00fd relevantn\u00ed zdrojov\u00fd k\u00f3d pro pot\u0159eby u\u017eivatele a je spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed reprezentac\u00ed produktu v jeho sou\u010dasn\u00e9 podob\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud je to mo\u017en\u00e9, zkompilujte aplikaci zcela novou, abyste z\u00edskali co nejp\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Pozadavky_na_software\"><\/span><strong>2. Po\u017eadavky na software<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tester mus\u00ed m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edstup k po\u017eadavk\u016fm na software. Nejedn\u00e1 se o hardware nebo opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek pot\u0159ebuje, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e o stru\u010dn\u00fd popis softwaru, na kter\u00e9m v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 pracuje.<\/p>\n<p>Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed po\u017eadavky na software ve f\u00e1zi testov\u00e1n\u00ed znamenaj\u00ed, \u017ee pracovn\u00edci odd\u011blen\u00ed kontroly kvality hledaj\u00ed v\u0161echny d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 funkce od sam\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00e1tku, zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my v softwaru a doporu\u010duj\u00ed \u00fapravy.<\/p>\n<p>Bez toho tester pracuje bez jak\u00e9hokoli veden\u00ed a nev\u00ed, zda jsou informace, kter\u00e9 poskytuje, pro v\u00fdvojov\u00fd t\u00fdm skute\u010dn\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Vhodny_hardware\"><\/span><strong>3. Vhodn\u00fd hardware<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru vy\u017eaduje hardware, kter\u00fd odpov\u00edd\u00e1 pot\u0159eb\u00e1m spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho programu.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud nap\u0159\u00edklad tester hled\u00e1 chyby nebo probl\u00e9my v nov\u00e9 videoh\u0159e, kter\u00e1 vy\u017eaduje pokro\u010dil\u00fd hardware, a m\u00e1 k dispozici pouze po\u010d\u00edta\u010d ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy, nebude schopen software \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b otestovat.<\/p>\n<p>U mal\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed nebo webov\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f je to men\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m. P\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed se ujist\u011bte, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd hardware odpov\u00edd\u00e1 pot\u0159eb\u00e1m softwaru, a vyberte jej po konzultaci po\u017eadavk\u016f na software s v\u00fdvojov\u00fdm t\u00fdmem.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Proces_rucniho_testovani\"><\/span><strong>Proces ru\u010dn\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i manu\u00e1ln\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed je t\u0159eba postupovat v n\u011bkolika kroc\u00edch, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich se pod\u00edl\u00ed na zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9ho p\u0159ehledu o va\u0161em programu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tyto kroky zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Analyza_pozadavku\"><\/span><strong>1. Anal\u00fdza po\u017eadavk\u016f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Prvn\u00edm krokem v procesu ru\u010dn\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed je anal\u00fdza po\u017eadavk\u016f na aplikaci. Jedn\u00e1 se o konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed po\u017eadavky uveden\u00e9 v zad\u00e1n\u00ed aplikace, n\u011bkter\u00e9 funkce z n\u00e1vrhov\u00e9ho dokumentu a dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti programu, kter\u00e9 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1te (nap\u0159\u00edklad pr\u00e1vn\u00ed po\u017eadavky).<\/p>\n<p>Jejich anal\u00fdza na za\u010d\u00e1tku procesu znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159i zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru v\u00edte, co testujete.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Vytvoreni_planu_testovani\"><\/span><strong>2. Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed pl\u00e1nu testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Jakmile v\u00edte, co je t\u0159eba otestovat, vytvo\u0159te pl\u00e1n testov\u00e1n\u00ed. To zahrnuje znalost toho, jak\u00e9 funkce testujete, jak p\u0159esn\u011b je testujete a kdy v pr\u016fb\u011bhu procesu tyto testy dokon\u010d\u00edte.<\/p>\n<p>Vytvo\u0159en\u00edm pl\u00e1nu test\u016f si zajist\u00edte, \u017ee v\u0161echny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 testy budou p\u0159ipraveny p\u0159edem a \u017ee v\u00e1m n\u00e1hodou neunikne \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 funkce.<\/p>\n<p>To tak\u00e9 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159i \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pracovn\u00edch sil, proto\u017ee v\u00edte, kolik manu\u00e1ln\u00edch tester\u016f pot\u0159ebujete a kdy.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Napiste_testovaci_pripady\"><\/span><strong>3. Napi\u0161te testovac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Za\u010dn\u011bte ps\u00e1t testovac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady softwaru. Testovac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad je soubor ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru pln\u00edte, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e je poka\u017ed\u00e9 d\u016fsledn\u011b dodr\u017eujete, abyste se ujistili, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o spravedliv\u00fd test.<\/p>\n<p>V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se zamyslete nad konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm manu\u00e1ln\u00edm testem, na kter\u00e9m pracujete, a uve\u010fte co nejv\u00edce podrobnost\u00ed, proto\u017ee se tak sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed mo\u017enost, \u017ee se n\u011bkdo odch\u00fdl\u00ed od p\u016fvodn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Zkontrolujte_sve_pripady\"><\/span><strong>4. Zkontrolujte sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Po naps\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech testovac\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f prove\u010fte d\u016fkladnou kontrolu. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee testovac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady se p\u0159edaj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9mu z vedouc\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f, nejl\u00e9pe mana\u017eerovi QA.<\/p>\n<p>Zapojen\u00edm t\u0159et\u00ed strany do procesu korektur zv\u00fd\u0161\u00edte \u00farove\u0148 testovac\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f t\u00edm, \u017ee odstran\u00edte p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 chyby. Spr\u00e1vce m\u016f\u017ee navrhnout vylep\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku zefektivn\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed a pomohou v\u00e1m naj\u00edt p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my v aplikaci.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159ed proveden\u00edm test\u016f se ujist\u011bte, \u017ee je ka\u017ed\u00fd testovac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad ov\u011b\u0159en.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Provedeni_manualnich_testu\"><\/span><strong>5. Proveden\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edch test\u016f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Jakmile mana\u017eer potvrd\u00ed testovac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad, za\u010dn\u011bte prov\u00e1d\u011bt testy. Postupujte podle nich v po\u0159ad\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jste stanovili na sam\u00e9m za\u010d\u00e1tku procesu, abyste m\u011bli jistotu, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd test dokon\u010d\u00edte, a zajist\u011bte, aby lid\u00e9 testy vypl\u0148ovali pomalu a pe\u010dliv\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud testy provedete spr\u00e1vn\u011b ve 100 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, u\u0161et\u0159\u00edte si spoustu \u010dasu, kter\u00fd byste museli v\u011bnovat chyb\u00e1m v n\u011bkter\u00fdch proveden\u00edch a vracet se zp\u011bt a znovu ov\u011b\u0159ovat, zda jsou v\u00fdsledky spr\u00e1vn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Zaznamen\u00e1vejte si informace za pochodu, abyste sn\u00ed\u017eili mo\u017enost zapomenut\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch informac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Nahlaseni_pripadnych_chyb\"><\/span><strong>6. Nahl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch chyb<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Po dokon\u010den\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00edch test\u016f a nalezen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch chyb dokon\u010dete proces hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>To zahrnuje seps\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy pro v\u00fdvojov\u00fd t\u00fdm, ve kter\u00e9 uvedete v\u0161echny chyby, m\u00edsta, kde jste je na\u0161li, a kroky, kter\u00e9 jste podnikli k jejich obnoven\u00ed. Do testov\u00e1n\u00ed zahr\u0148te v\u0161echna data, kter\u00e1 jste vygenerovali.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i kvalitativn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch testech podrobn\u011b proberte design aplikace, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 jste zaznamenali, a n\u011bkter\u00e9 potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed opravy, kter\u00e9 by aplikaci u\u010dinily u\u017eivatelsky p\u0159\u00edv\u011btiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Nezapome\u0148te, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi ru\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b vynik\u00e1 nad automatizac\u00ed, proto\u017ee ru\u010dn\u00ed teste\u0159i mohou poskytnout kvalitativn\u00ed informace, kter\u00e9 automatizace \u010dasto nem\u016f\u017ee poskytnout.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Osvedcene_postupy_pro_rucni_testovani\"><\/span><strong>Osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 postupy pro ru\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 postupy se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou spole\u010dn\u00e9 pro v\u0161echny typy manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed a kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed zlep\u0161it \u00farove\u0148 procesu testov\u00e1n\u00ed. Dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdch postup\u016f v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku znamen\u00e1, \u017ee z\u00edsk\u00e1te vysoce kvalitn\u00ed test s p\u0159esn\u00fdmi a spolehliv\u00fdmi v\u00fdsledky.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mezi osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 postupy, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba m\u00edt p\u0159i manu\u00e1ln\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed na pam\u011bti, pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Zamerte_se_na_jasnost\"><\/span><strong>1. Zam\u011b\u0159te se na jasnost<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fraz na p\u0159ehlednost v cel\u00e9m procesu ru\u010dn\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed je nutnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Co nejjasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vymezen\u00ed sni\u017euje mo\u017enost \u0161patn\u00e9 komunikace mezi odd\u011blen\u00edmi a odborn\u00edky a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 udr\u017eet soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed lid\u00ed na pr\u00e1ci na spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch oblastech softwaru. To je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i manu\u00e1ln\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee je zde v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed prostor pro interpretaci pokyn\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>To zahrnuje seps\u00e1n\u00ed jasn\u00e9ho testovac\u00edho p\u0159\u00edpadu, podle kter\u00e9ho se tester m\u016f\u017ee \u0159\u00eddit, jednoduch\u00fd a srozumiteln\u00fd z\u00e1pis v\u00fdsledk\u016f a pomoc v\u0161em v organizaci, aby pochopili po\u017eadavky na aplikaci.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Pouzivejte_prubeznou_kontrolu\"><\/span><strong>2. Pou\u017e\u00edvejte pr\u016fb\u011b\u017enou kontrolu<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Co nej\u010dast\u011bji kontrolujte v\u0161e v procesu testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Efektivn\u00ed proces revize zahrnuje v\u011bnov\u00e1n\u00ed pozornosti zp\u016fsobu, jak\u00fdm zam\u011bstnanci pracuj\u00ed, proch\u00e1zen\u00ed testovac\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, aby se ov\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee st\u00e1le funguj\u00ed podle va\u0161ich p\u0159edstav, a p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1n\u00ed samotn\u00e9ho softwaru, aby se zajistilo, \u017ee je dosahov\u00e1no pokroku.<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e dohl\u00ed\u017e\u00edte na kvalitu ka\u017ed\u00e9ho jednotliv\u00e9ho aspektu procesu, m\u00e1te jistotu, \u017ee se standardy nesn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed a \u017ee od za\u010d\u00e1tku a\u017e do konce z\u00edsk\u00e1te dostate\u010dn\u011b vysokou \u00farove\u0148 v\u00fdstup\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Nehledejte_jen_chyby\"><\/span><strong>3. Nehledejte jen chyby<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru je naj\u00edt chyby, ale to zdaleka nen\u00ed pravda. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed tohoto procesu je tak\u00e9 zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vysok\u00e9ho standardu v\u00fdkonu aplikace, jej\u00edho p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9ho chodu a pohodl\u00ed pro u\u017eivatele.<\/p>\n<p>Tato pou\u017eitelnost je nakonec hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 &#8222;neautomatick\u00e1&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud p\u0159i sledov\u00e1n\u00ed testovac\u00edho p\u0159\u00edpadu naleznete n\u011bjak\u00e9 chyby, uve\u010fte je do zpr\u00e1vy, ale vych\u00e1zen\u00ed z cesty a hled\u00e1n\u00ed chyb, kter\u00e9 nejsou pro test relevantn\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e zm\u00e1st a proces se m\u016f\u017ee dostat za o\u010dek\u00e1vanou pozici.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Typy_vystupu_z_manualniho_testu\"><\/span><strong>Typy v\u00fdstup\u016f z manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testu<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Existuje n\u011bkolik r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f v\u00fdstup\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete z\u00edskat z manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich nab\u00edz\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00fd pohled na to, jak aplikace funguje.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mezi typy v\u00fdstup\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete z\u00edskat z manu\u00e1ln\u00edch test\u016f, pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Protokol_zavad\"><\/span><strong>1. Protokol z\u00e1vad<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Protokol z\u00e1vad je seznam nebo dokument pln\u00fd v\u0161ech probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 se u softwaru vyskytly p\u0159i testov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u010c\u00edm del\u0161\u00ed je z\u00e1znam o z\u00e1vad\u00e1ch, t\u00edm v\u00edce probl\u00e9m\u016f vy\u017eaduje opravu softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>Ty mohou b\u00fdt bu\u010f automatick\u00e9, nebo psan\u00e9 ru\u010dn\u011b manu\u00e1ln\u00edm testerem, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e manu\u00e1ln\u00ed teste\u0159i pln\u00ed tento \u00fakol sp\u00ed\u0161e v kvalitativn\u00edch aspektech programu, proto\u017ee automatick\u00e9 platformy nejsou schopny vytvo\u0159it si n\u00e1zor na kvalitu softwaru a pouze generuj\u00ed metriky.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Kvalitativni_udaje\"><\/span><strong>2. Kvalitativn\u00ed \u00fadaje<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o \u00fastn\u00ed a p\u00edsemnou zp\u011btnou vazbu, kterou manu\u00e1ln\u00ed tester p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 v\u00fdvojov\u00e9mu t\u00fdmu, obvykle po dokon\u010den\u00ed s\u00e9rie test\u016f, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad u\u017eivatelsk\u00fd akcepta\u010dn\u00ed test.<\/p>\n<p>UAT se zam\u011b\u0159uje na to, aby se pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9mu u\u017eivateli software l\u00edbil a aby se do n\u011bj zapojil podle o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 jin\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s aspekty, jako je testov\u00e1n\u00ed funkc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Kvalitativn\u00ed \u00fadaje maj\u00ed podobu diskuse s v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159em nebo dlouh\u00e9 p\u00edsemn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Chybova_hlaseni\"><\/span><strong>3. Chybov\u00e1 hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Chybov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy jsou kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 textov\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce, kter\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, zda v softwarov\u00e9m bal\u00ed\u010dku do\u0161lo k chyb\u011b, a pokud ano, jak\u00e1 je jej\u00ed povaha.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f nap\u00ed\u0161e d\u016fkladn\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd popisuje, co je probl\u00e9m a pro\u010d k n\u011bmu doch\u00e1z\u00ed, a pomoc\u00ed chybov\u00fdch k\u00f3d\u016f probl\u00e9m z\u00fa\u017e\u00ed. D\u00edky tomu, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 zaznamen\u00e1 jak\u00e1koli chybov\u00e1 hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed v softwaru, okam\u017eit\u011b pozn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu vznikl\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu a v\u00ed, jak\u00e9 kroky m\u016f\u017ee podniknout k jeho vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Priklady_manualnich_testu\"><\/span><strong>P\u0159\u00edklady manu\u00e1ln\u00edch test\u016f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Existuje n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba vz\u00edt v \u00favahu, kdy\u017e se dozv\u00edte v\u00edce o tom, jak postupovat p\u0159i manu\u00e1ln\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z nich je specifickou testovac\u00ed discipl\u00ednou, kter\u00e1 prob\u00edh\u00e1 v ur\u010dit\u00e9m bod\u011b v\u00fdvojov\u00e9ho cyklu a nab\u00edz\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm v\u00edce informac\u00ed a n\u00e1vod\u016f, jak sv\u016fj produkt vylep\u0161it.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mezi p\u0159\u00edklady manu\u00e1ln\u00edch form\u00e1t\u016f test\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Testovani_jednotek\"><\/span><strong>1. Testov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotek<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/co-je-testovani-jednotek-hloubkovy-ponor-do-procesu-vyhod-vyzev-nastroju-a-dalsiho\">Testov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotek<\/a> je proces, kter\u00fd zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 jednotliv\u00e1 jednotka v softwarov\u00e9m bal\u00edku funguje tak, jak se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1. Jednotka nebo modul ozna\u010duje jednotlivou funkci, kter\u00e1 je k\u00f3dov\u00e1na samostatn\u011b, ne\u017e je na konci procesu zkompilov\u00e1na do jednoho v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho softwarov\u00e9ho bal\u00ed\u010dku.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edkladem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt datab\u00e1ze, kde n\u011bkdo m\u016f\u017ee otestovat funkci &#8222;SORT&#8220;, aby se ujistil, \u017ee spr\u00e1vn\u011b organizuje data, ne\u017e ji integruje do \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho bal\u00edku.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00edm p\u0159\u00ednosem testov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotek je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee pochop\u00edte, \u017ee v\u0161echny syst\u00e9my funguj\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b samy o sob\u011b, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 se objev\u00ed v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch, vych\u00e1zej\u00ed ze zp\u016fsobu, jak\u00fdm jsou v\u0161echny funkce vz\u00e1jemn\u011b integrov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n<p>Ru\u010dn\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto test\u016f je stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, proto\u017ee \u0161et\u0159\u00ed \u010das, kter\u00fd by se musel vynalo\u017eit na slo\u017eit\u00e9 k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed automatick\u00fdch test\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_End-to-end_testovani\"><\/span><strong>2. End-to-end testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>End-to-end testov\u00e1n\u00ed je proces testov\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00e9 aplikace, od okam\u017eiku, kdy software poprv\u00e9 otev\u0159ete, a\u017e po dokon\u010den\u00ed v\u0161ech funkc\u00ed v aplikaci.<\/p>\n<p>Dobr\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem end-to-end testov\u00e1n\u00ed je mobiln\u00ed aplikace, kter\u00e1 vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1, kolik vyd\u011bl\u00e1te na dan\u00edch, kdy si tester st\u00e1hne aplikaci, projde v\u0161echny funkce a z\u00edsk\u00e1 kone\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det. Tester zaznamen\u00e1 v\u0161echny probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 se mu vyskytly, a p\u0159ed\u00e1 je v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i t\u011b\u017e\u00ed z toho, \u017ee tuto formu testov\u00e1n\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm manu\u00e1ln\u00ed teste\u0159i, proto\u017ee je to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost zjistit, jak v\u0161echny jednotky softwaru funguj\u00ed dohromady, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e toto testov\u00e1n\u00ed v pozdn\u00ed f\u00e1zi zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee aplikace po sestaven\u00ed funguje spr\u00e1vn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>End-to-end testov\u00e1n\u00ed se od u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho akcepta\u010dn\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed li\u0161\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee end-to-end testov\u00e1n\u00ed je prim\u00e1rn\u011b intern\u00ed proces, na rozd\u00edl od procesu u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho akcepta\u010dn\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fd je zam\u011b\u0159en na ve\u0159ejnost.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Uzivatelske_akceptacni_testovani\"><\/span><strong>3. U\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 akcepta\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>U\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 akcepta\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed je z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dnou f\u00e1z\u00ed procesu testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru a zahrnuje uji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee produkt je vhodn\u00fd pro zam\u00fd\u0161lenou klientskou z\u00e1kladnu produktu. To zahrnuje i poskytnut\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k aplikaci potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm klient\u016fm, aby ji mohli pou\u017e\u00edvat a poskytnout zp\u011btnou vazbu.<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho akcepta\u010dn\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed v modern\u00edm v\u00fdvoji softwaru je alfa a beta testov\u00e1n\u00ed videoher, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m hr\u00e1\u010di hraj\u00ed hru a hl\u00e1s\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 se v n\u00ed vyskytuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhodou prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho akcepta\u010dn\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed je to, \u017ee z\u00edsk\u00e1te extern\u00ed pohled na v\u00e1\u0161 produkt a nebudete se spol\u00e9hat na pohled lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se aktivn\u011b pod\u00edleli na tvorb\u011b produktu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se odstran\u00ed mo\u017enost ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edsudky. Ru\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed je nutnost\u00ed, proto\u017ee automatick\u00fd syst\u00e9m nedok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159esn\u011b replikovat pocity z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Typy_chyb_a_nedostatku_odhalenych_pri_manualnim_testovani_ktere_automaticke_testovani_prehledne\"><\/span><strong>Typy chyb a nedostatk\u016f odhalen\u00fdch p\u0159i manu\u00e1ln\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 automatick\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ehl\u00e9dne<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed odhal\u00ed nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed chyby, nedostatky a probl\u00e9my, stejn\u011b jako automatizovan\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed. V softwaru v\u0161ak existuj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 ru\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017ee odhalit a kter\u00e9 by automatizace vynechala.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mezi hlavn\u00ed typy chyb a omyl\u016f p\u0159i ru\u010dn\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Spatny_pracovni_postup\"><\/span><strong>1. \u0160patn\u00fd pracovn\u00ed postup<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&#8222;Pracovn\u00ed postup&#8220; ozna\u010duje cestu, kterou se u\u017eivatel dostane do ur\u010dit\u00e9ho bodu aplikace a dokon\u010d\u00ed proces. A\u010dkoli na n\u011bkter\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch postupech nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt technicky nic \u0161patn\u00e9ho, mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159esto problematick\u00e9, proto\u017ee cesta k nim nemus\u00ed laikovi d\u00e1vat smysl.<\/p>\n<p>V t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech manu\u00e1ln\u00ed tester informuje v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e o probl\u00e9mech s n\u00e1vrhem a doporu\u010d\u00ed zm\u011bny, \u010d\u00edm\u017e pom\u016f\u017ee u\u017eivatel\u016fm, aby se s aplikac\u00ed l\u00e9pe sezn\u00e1mili zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd by si automatizovan\u00e9 syst\u00e9my neuv\u011bdomily.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Graficke_problemy\"><\/span><strong>2. Grafick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Webov\u00e9 aplikace funguj\u00ed na r\u016fzn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e rozli\u0161en\u00ed a velikosti monitor\u016f se neust\u00e1le m\u011bn\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na tom, jak\u00fd telefon, tablet nebo obrazovku m\u00e1 u\u017eivatel k dispozici.<\/p>\n<p>Ve \u0161patn\u011b optimalizovan\u00e9 aplikaci by to mohlo v\u00e9st k tomu, \u017ee se prost\u0159edky rozt\u00e1hnou a budou vypadat h\u016f\u0159e na m\u00e9n\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e automatiza\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje budou jednodu\u0161e sledovat nab\u00eddky a nev\u0161imnou si toho.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00edky implementaci cel\u00e9 \u0159ady za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mohou manu\u00e1ln\u00ed teste\u0159i naj\u00edt grafick\u00e9 chyby, jejich\u017e oprava zp\u016fsob\u00ed, \u017ee u\u017eivatel\u00e9 budou m\u00edt se softwarov\u00fdm bal\u00ed\u010dkem lep\u0161\u00ed zku\u0161enosti.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Nepresne_odkazy\"><\/span><strong>3. Nep\u0159esn\u00e9 odkazy<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky nebo aplikace byly propojeny s webov\u00fdmi str\u00e1nkami soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed pomoc\u00ed \u0159ady tla\u010d\u00edtek a vlo\u017een\u00fdch odkaz\u016f. Ty v\u0161ak nemus\u00ed v\u017edy odkazovat na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 m\u00edsto v d\u016fsledku p\u0159eklepu nebo chyby v procesu v\u00fdvoje, co\u017e automatick\u00fd syst\u00e9m nemus\u00ed nutn\u011b zjistit.<\/p>\n<p>Odkazy sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed na nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 m\u00edsto mohou zp\u016fsobit zmatek a v\u00fdrazn\u011b po\u0161kodit retenci. Ru\u010dn\u00ed teste\u0159i proch\u00e1zej\u00ed v\u0161echny odkazy v programu a zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed, aby vedly na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 m\u00edsto, a pom\u00e1haj\u00ed tak koncov\u00fdm u\u017eivatel\u016fm dostat se tam, kam cht\u011bj\u00ed, a neb\u00fdt uvedeni v omyl.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bezne_metriky_manualniho_testovani\"><\/span><strong>B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 metriky manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Metriky jsou jednoduch\u00e9 a m\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 \u010d\u00edseln\u00e9 hodnoty, kter\u00e9 po skon\u010den\u00ed testu n\u011bco ukazuj\u00ed. V\u0161echny jsou kvantitativn\u00ed povahy, co\u017e usnad\u0148uje jejich posouzen\u00ed z pohledu v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mezi nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metriky manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 teste\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Vady\"><\/span><strong>1. Vady<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Metrika defekt\u016f je pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00e1 a t\u00fdk\u00e1 se po\u010dtu chyb nebo chyb, kter\u00e9 se v softwarov\u00e9m bal\u00edku vyskytuj\u00ed. Z\u00e1vada je jak\u00fdkoli p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy software nefunguje podle o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, a to od funk\u010dnosti softwaru a\u017e po zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm funguje grafika. Anal\u00fdza vad jako metriky je pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00e1, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u00edce vad znamen\u00e1 pro spole\u010dnost v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<p>Sledov\u00e1n\u00edm toho, zda se po\u010det chyb v jednotliv\u00fdch iterac\u00edch zvy\u0161uje nebo sni\u017euje, m\u016f\u017eete l\u00e9pe pochopit, zda se kvalita softwaru p\u0159i jeho aktualizac\u00edch vyv\u00edj\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm sm\u011brem.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Pocet_zavad_za_hodinu_testovani\"><\/span><strong>2. Po\u010det z\u00e1vad za hodinu testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Defekty na hodinu testov\u00e1n\u00ed vych\u00e1z\u00ed z metriky defekt\u016f a p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed podrobnosti, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e po\u010det defekt\u016f d\u011bl\u00ed po\u010dtem hodin, kter\u00e9 teste\u0159i str\u00e1v\u00ed nad softwarem.<\/p>\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad jednoduch\u00fd webov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj s p\u011bti z\u00e1vadami, jeho\u017e spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed trv\u00e1 dv\u011b minuty, bude vypadat l\u00e9pe ne\u017e n\u00e1stroj s deseti z\u00e1vadami, kter\u00fd se z\u00e1kladn\u00ed metrikou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te hodinu.<\/p>\n<p>Po proveden\u00ed tohoto dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdpo\u010dtu z\u00edskaj\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00ed teste\u0159i lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstavu o hustot\u011b defekt\u016f a pochop\u00ed, jak \u010dasto m\u016f\u017ee u\u017eivatel narazit na defekt a zda to v\u00e1\u017en\u011b ovlivn\u00ed jeho \u010das str\u00e1ven\u00fd s aplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1vad s ohledem na velikost aplikace je v\u017edy p\u0159\u00ednosn\u00e9 pro kontextualizaci probl\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Procento_uspesnych_testu\"><\/span><strong>3. Procento \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch test\u016f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 testovac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady prob\u00edhaj\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b prost\u00e9ho vyhov\u011bl\/nevyhov\u011bl a tato metrika ud\u00e1v\u00e1 procento testovac\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, kter\u00e9 vyhov\u011bly. \u010c\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed je procento \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch testovac\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe aplikace funguje.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud je to mo\u017en\u00e9, zkuste pou\u017e\u00edt procento \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch testovac\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f sp\u00ed\u0161e pro ka\u017edou funkci zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 ne\u017e p\u0159i zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00e9 aplikace. To poskytuje podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace o tom, co funguje a co ne, a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm prov\u00e9st zm\u011bny tam, kde jsou nutn\u00e9, m\u00edsto aby prov\u00e1d\u011bli dal\u0161\u00ed \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed a zji\u0161\u0165ovali, kde p\u0159esn\u011b je probl\u00e9m. \u010c\u00edm d\u0159\u00edve zjist\u00edte p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu probl\u00e9mu, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_chyb_a_nastrah_pri_provadeni_manualnich_testu\"><\/span><strong>7 chyb a n\u00e1strah p\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edch test\u016f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>V odv\u011btv\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru se b\u011b\u017en\u011b vyskytuje n\u011bkolik chyb, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k tomu, \u017ee chyby nebudou nalezeny a testov\u00e1n\u00ed bude trvat d\u00e9le, ne\u017e se o\u010dek\u00e1valo, co\u017e bude znamenat vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mezi hlavn\u00ed chyby a n\u00e1strahy, na kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba si d\u00e1vat pozor a kter\u00fdm je t\u0159eba se vyhnout p\u0159i zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed do va\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Oprava_chyby_vlastnimi_silami\"><\/span><strong>1. Oprava chyby vlastn\u00edmi silami<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>V n\u011bkter\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch v\u00fdvojov\u00e9ho procesu je v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159 osobou odpov\u011bdnou za testov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00f3du i za opravu probl\u00e9mu. To by mohlo v\u00e9st k tomu, \u017ee se budou sna\u017eit vy\u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my se softwarem sami, p\u0159esto\u017ee nemus\u00ed pln\u011b rozum\u011bt p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u011b probl\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud je to mo\u017en\u00e9, sna\u017ete se zajistit, aby byl jasn\u011b rozd\u011blen \u00fakol mezi testera a osobu, kter\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed k\u00f3duje. T\u00edmto rozli\u0161en\u00edm sn\u00ed\u017e\u00edte pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee se budete p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 soust\u0159edit na opravu konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed nalezen\u00e9 chyby, m\u00edsto abyste zohlednili zbytek softwaru.<\/p>\n<p>V\u017edy rozd\u011blujte pr\u00e1ci, pokud je to mo\u017en\u00e9, abyste z\u00edskali \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed spektrum odborn\u00fdch znalost\u00ed o dan\u00e9 problematice.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Spech_pri_testech\"><\/span><strong>2. Sp\u011bch p\u0159i testech<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti softwaru maj\u00ed velmi kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 term\u00edny pro vyd\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit, \u017ee se teste\u0159i zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na rychlej\u0161\u00ed proveden\u00ed test\u016f, aby stihli c\u00edlov\u00e9 datum. To je z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 chyba, proto\u017ee hroz\u00ed riziko, \u017ee se do syst\u00e9mu dostanou z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 chyby. Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee tento probl\u00e9m je\u0161t\u011b zhor\u0161it, proto\u017ee lid\u00e9 c\u00edt\u00ed tlak a aktivn\u011b v\u011bci usp\u011bch\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Sna\u017ete se v\u011bnovat testovac\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u016fm co nejv\u00edce \u010dasu, pe\u010dliv\u011b projd\u011bte ka\u017ed\u00fd krok a d\u016fkladn\u011bji si poznamenejte \u00fadaje. I kdybyste museli vyd\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edrn\u011b odlo\u017eit, je lep\u0161\u00ed dodat kompletn\u00ed produkt ne\u017e produkt, kter\u00fd si u\u017eivatel\u00e9 neu\u017eij\u00ed kv\u016fli \u0161patn\u00fdm standard\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Spatna_komunikace\"><\/span><strong>3. \u0160patn\u00e1 komunikace<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Komunikace v t\u00fdmu je v ka\u017ed\u00e9m projektu v\u00fdvoje softwaru nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, lid\u00e9 mus\u00ed z\u00edskat co nejv\u00edce informac\u00ed od sv\u00fdch spolupracovn\u00edk\u016f a vyu\u017e\u00edt je ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed produktu. To plat\u00ed jak pro neust\u00e1lou konverzaci mezi odd\u011blen\u00edmi, tak i v r\u00e1mci jednoho odd\u011blen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u010c\u00edm efektivn\u011bji t\u00fdm QA komunikuje s v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe se orientuje p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed aktualizac\u00ed a v\u0161ichni spole\u010dn\u011b profituj\u00ed z vyd\u00e1n\u00ed produktu nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje lep\u0161\u00ed komunikaci, proto\u017ee tester m\u00e1 \u00faplnou p\u0159edstavu o zku\u0161enostech a poskytuje v\u00edce jasnosti a detail\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Testovani_bez_pripravy\"><\/span><strong>4. Testov\u00e1n\u00ed bez p\u0159\u00edpravy<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edprava plod\u00ed dokonalost, a to plat\u00ed v cel\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed to znamen\u00e1 v\u011bnovat \u010das porozum\u011bn\u00ed softwaru, nau\u010dit se stru\u010dn\u00fd popis a vytvo\u0159it testovac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady, kter\u00e9 budou vhodn\u011b napadat v\u0161echny tyto c\u00edle.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud si d\u00e1te na \u010das, budou va\u0161e testovac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady vyhovovat va\u0161im pot\u0159eb\u00e1m jako v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e a je mnohem pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee najdete v\u0161echny nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed chyby v syst\u00e9mu. To tak\u00e9 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 tester\u016fm p\u0159ehledn\u011bji \u010d\u00edst testovac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady a prov\u00e1d\u011bt je s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159esnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Ignorovani_instinktu\"><\/span><strong>5. Ignorov\u00e1n\u00ed instinkt\u016f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e firma za\u010dne testovat ru\u010dn\u011b, d\u011bl\u00e1 to z n\u011bkolika d\u016fvod\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b toho, \u017ee chce m\u00edt p\u0159izp\u016fsobivost a instinkty lidsk\u00e9ho testera. P\u0159i testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru si m\u016f\u017eete v\u0161imnout, \u017ee se n\u011bco jev\u00ed divn\u011b, p\u0159esto\u017ee to nen\u00ed aktivn\u011b sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed testovac\u00edho p\u0159\u00edpadu, co\u017e v\u00e1s p\u0159im\u011bje neprov\u00e1d\u011bt \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zm\u011bny ani d\u00e1le nezkoumat. To je chyba.<\/p>\n<p>V\u017edy si dop\u0159ejte svou zv\u011bdavost a naslouchejte tomu, co v\u00e1m \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 v\u00e1\u0161 instinkt, proto\u017ee to pom\u00e1h\u00e1 naj\u00edt probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 automatick\u00fd testovac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad nem\u016f\u017ee naj\u00edt. Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed teste\u0159i jsou vyb\u00edr\u00e1ni pro svou inteligenci a odborn\u00e9 znalosti, tak\u017ee p\u016fsoben\u00ed na tyto vlastnosti znamen\u00e1 maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed potenci\u00e1lu testu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Strach_z_chyb\"><\/span><strong>6. Strach z chyb<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Chyby d\u011bl\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd, bez ohledu na to, jakou pr\u00e1ci vykon\u00e1v\u00e1te. Je v\u0161ak lep\u0161\u00ed si to uv\u011bdomit, ne\u017e se pou\u0161t\u011bt do procesu s obavami, \u017ee byste mohli ud\u011blat chybu. To v\u00e1s je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce stresuje a je je\u0161t\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee zp\u016fsob\u00ed probl\u00e9my s v\u00fdkonem p\u0159i testov\u00e1n\u00ed. Automatizace tento probl\u00e9m nem\u00e1, manu\u00e1ln\u00ed teste\u0159i jsou na tlak n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>K \u00fakol\u016fm p\u0159istupujte p\u0159irozen\u011b, a pokud ud\u011bl\u00e1te chybu, sna\u017ete se ji co nejd\u0159\u00edve napravit. Testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru je f\u00e1ze, ve kter\u00e9 odhalujete a opravujete probl\u00e9my, a ob\u010dasn\u00fd probl\u00e9m p\u0159i testov\u00e1n\u00ed nezni\u010d\u00ed software pro koncov\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele, pokud jej oprav\u00edte.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Nedodrzovani_prestavek\"><\/span><strong>7. Nedodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159est\u00e1vek<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed vy\u017eaduje vysokou m\u00edru pozornosti v\u011bnovanou detail\u016fm p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m jednotliv\u00e9m testu, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro testera \u00fanavn\u00e9. P\u0159esto se n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed teste\u0159i a spole\u010dnosti zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na to, aby teste\u0159i pracovali po cel\u00fd den bez p\u0159est\u00e1vek pro p\u0159\u00edpad \u00fanavy nebo ztr\u00e1ty koncentrace.<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o v\u00fdznamnou chybu. Zajist\u011bte pracovn\u00edk\u016fm prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159est\u00e1vky v pr\u016fb\u011bhu dne, proto\u017ee se t\u00edm sni\u017euje pravd\u011bpodobnost v\u00fdskytu probl\u00e9m\u016f a testov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 co nejp\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Pokud jste sami tester, sna\u017ete se ve spolupr\u00e1ci s vedouc\u00edmi pracovn\u00edky aktivn\u011b pe\u010dovat o du\u0161evn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed sv\u00e9 i sv\u00e9ho okol\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nejlepsi_nastroje_pro_rucni_testovani\"><\/span><strong>Nejlep\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stroje pro ru\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i ru\u010dn\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed nemus\u00edte ka\u017edou \u010d\u00e1st pr\u00e1ce prov\u00e1d\u011bt sami. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eit\u00ed n\u00e1stroje ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed a co nejhlad\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bh. Pokud jste tester a p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edte o tom, jak zlep\u0161it sv\u00e9 standardy, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro v\u00e1s ide\u00e1ln\u00edm za\u010d\u00e1tkem hled\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1stroj\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_nejlepsich_bezplatnych_nastroju_pro_rucni_testovani\"><\/span><strong>5 nejlep\u0161\u00edch bezplatn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro ru\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1te s jak\u00fdmkoli nov\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru, chcete se ujistit, \u017ee se v\u00e1m investice vyplat\u00ed. To se t\u00fdk\u00e1 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u010dasu, kter\u00fd do softwaru investujete, a \u010d\u00e1stky, kterou utrat\u00edte za z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed licence.<\/p>\n<p>S bezplatn\u00fdmi manu\u00e1ln\u00edmi testovac\u00edmi n\u00e1stroji je z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed hodnoty za pen\u00edze mnohem jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed a netrp\u00edte v\u00fd\u010ditkami sv\u011bdom\u00ed, pokud se v\u00e1m to nepovede.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mezi nejlep\u0161\u00ed bezplatn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje pro manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou k dispozici t\u00fdm\u016fm zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edm kvalitu, pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_JIRA\"><\/span>1. JIRA<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>JIRA je dokumenta\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm vytv\u00e1\u0159et tikety pro v\u0161echny chyby, probl\u00e9my nebo opravy, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed podporu. Tato platforma obsahuje tak\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje pro stanoven\u00ed priorit, tak\u017ee v\u00fdvojov\u00fd t\u00fdm m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159i zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9ho programu nejprve vy\u0159e\u0161it nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_LoadRunner\"><\/span>2. LoadRunner<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1stroj LoadRunner, kter\u00fd je kompatibiln\u00ed s \u0159adou v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159i <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/co-je-testovani-vykonu-hluboky-ponor-do-typu-postupu-nastroju-vyzev-a-dalsich-veci\">testov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonu<\/a> v r\u016fzn\u00fdch nastaven\u00edch a generuje data z test\u016f v\u00fdkonu s propracovan\u00fdmi detaily. N\u00e1stroj tak\u00e9 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 kategorizovat n\u011bkter\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny probl\u00e9m\u016f s v\u00fdkonem pro v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161it efektivitu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_SonarQube\"><\/span>3. SonarQube<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Podporuje \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu programovac\u00edch jazyk\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed, sleduje m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu a sni\u017euje tak mno\u017estv\u00ed zpr\u00e1v, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00ed teste\u0159i sami vypl\u0148ovat. Je vysoce p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00fd a \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b se integruje s \u0159adou v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edch stran.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Trac\"><\/span>4. Trac<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Trac je n\u00e1stroj pro spr\u00e1vu projekt\u016f vyvinut\u00fd v jazyce Python, kter\u00fd v\u00e1m poskytuje historii zobrazen\u00ed, k\u00f3d a v\u0161echny zm\u011bny, tak\u017ee vid\u00edte zm\u011bny proveden\u00e9 mezi testy. Lad\u011bn\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm modulu Trac vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 syst\u00e9m spr\u00e1vy ticket\u016f, co\u017e zjednodu\u0161uje proces nalezen\u00ed probl\u00e9mu a jeho odstran\u011bn\u00ed pro u\u017eivatele.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_NUnit\"><\/span>5. NUnit<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>NUnit je zcela open-source n\u00e1stroj zalo\u017een\u00fd na JUnit, kter\u00fd podporuje datov\u011b orientovan\u00e9 testy a efektivn\u011b se integruje s \u0159adou platforem. Ke kvantitativn\u00edm dat\u016fm m\u00e1te p\u0159\u00edstup i po dokon\u010den\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edch test\u016f, co\u017e v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm poskytuje lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ehled o p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mech.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_nejlepsich_bezplatnych_nastroju_pro_automaticke_testovani\"><\/span><strong>5 nejlep\u0161\u00edch bezplatn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro automatick\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee m\u00e1 manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159adu v\u00fdhod,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/hyperautomation\">zaveden\u00ed automatizace do<\/a> testovac\u00edch proces\u016f je n\u011bkdy ide\u00e1ln\u00ed cestou vp\u0159ed.<\/p>\n<p>To v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee eliminovat n\u011bkter\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody v\u00fdhradn\u011b manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 z\u00edskat dobr\u00fd p\u0159ehled o softwaru. Automatizace vy\u017eaduje pro za\u010d\u00e1tek ur\u010dit\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje a mnoho v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f d\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ednost bezplatn\u00fdm n\u00e1stroj\u016fm, kdy\u017e za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed pracovat a seznamuj\u00ed se s platformou.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mezi nejlep\u0161\u00ed dostupn\u00e9 bezplatn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje pro automatick\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_ZAPTEST_FREE_EDITION\"><\/span><strong>1. ZAPTEST FREE EDITION<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\">ZAPTEST Free Edition<\/a> je navr\u017een tak, aby pomohl tester\u016fm integrovat automatizaci do jejich pr\u00e1ce, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se zam\u011b\u0159uje na to, aby byl multiplatformn\u00ed a aby u\u017eivatel\u00e9 mohli implementovat automatizaci zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd spr\u00e1vn\u011b podporuje manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed. Hlavn\u00edm tah\u00e1kem je automatizace libovoln\u00e9 \u00falohy, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u0161echny aspekty softwaru lze automatizovat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm bezplatn\u00e9 edice ZAPTEST.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Appium\"><\/span>2. Appium<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o open-source framework pro automatizaci test\u016f, kter\u00fd se zam\u011b\u0159uje zejm\u00e9na na automatizaci mobiln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro aplikace pracuj\u00edc\u00ed ve webov\u00fdch obchodech. Appium pracuje s \u0159adou <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/api-testing-automation\">rozhran\u00ed API<\/a> a opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f v\u010detn\u011b <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ios-apps-test-automation\">iOS<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/windows-apps-test-automation\">Windows,<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/mobile-apps-test-automation\">mobiln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/web-apps-test-automation\">webu<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/android-apps-test-automation\">Androidu<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Platforma_Katalon\"><\/span>3. Platforma Katalon<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Katalon je bezk\u00f3dov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 tester\u016fm bez zku\u0161enost\u00ed s k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00edm dos\u00e1hnout lep\u0161\u00edho automatizovan\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tato platforma m\u00e1 obchod s \u0159adou roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, ale to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pro maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed testovac\u00edho softwaru budete pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b muset v\u011bnovat hodn\u011b \u010dasu a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b i pen\u011bz jeho p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed va\u0161im pot\u0159eb\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Robotium\"><\/span>4. Robotium<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1stroj s otev\u0159en\u00fdm zdrojov\u00fdm k\u00f3dem, kter\u00fd se zam\u011b\u0159uje speci\u00e1ln\u011b na testov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu Android a umo\u017e\u0148uje u\u017eivatelskou akceptaci a testov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161ed\u00e9ho boxu. A\u010dkoli tato aplikace funguje na vysok\u00e9 \u00farovni, pro u\u017eivatele z n\u00ed plynou ur\u010dit\u00e1 rizika, proto\u017ee multiplatformn\u00ed aplikace by st\u00e1le vy\u017eadovaly testov\u00e1n\u00ed na v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch platform\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Loadster\"><\/span>5. Loadster<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Loadster je n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 pomoci spole\u010dnostem pracuj\u00edc\u00edm s aplikacemi s velkou u\u017eivatelskou z\u00e1kladnou. Pou\u017eit\u00ed tohoto n\u00e1stroje pom\u00e1h\u00e1 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm p\u0159ipravit se na v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dopravn\u00ed \u0161pi\u010dky a zajistit optim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdkon i p\u0159i zna\u010dn\u00e9m zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed server\u016f spole\u010dnosti. Krom\u011b pomoci s manu\u00e1ln\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee Loadster automatizovat n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u00fakoly testera, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/cs\/co-je-testovani-zateze-hloubkovy-ponor-do-typu-postupu-nastroju-vyzev-a-dalsich-aspektu\">resting z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zaver\"><\/span><strong>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed je p\u0159\u00ednosem pro ka\u017edou organizaci. Teste\u0159i mohou odhalit jinak neviditeln\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a poskytnout podrobnou zp\u011btnou vazbu o aplikaci, co\u017e automatizace jednodu\u0161e nedok\u00e1\u017ee.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody, inteligentn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed hybridn\u00ed syst\u00e9m manu\u00e1ln\u00edch a automatizovan\u00fdch test\u016f, kter\u00fd pom\u00e1h\u00e1 zohlednit slabiny obou syst\u00e9m\u016f a z\u00e1rove\u0148 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00fdhod obou.<\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed je z\u00e1kladem lep\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdvoje softwaru a jeho spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt velk\u00fd vliv na va\u0161e v\u00fdsledky.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Casto_kladene_dotazy_a_zdroje\"><\/span><strong>\u010casto kladen\u00e9 dotazy a zdroje<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt slo\u017eit\u00e9 t\u00e9ma, tak\u017ee je pochopiteln\u00e9, \u017ee m\u016f\u017eete m\u00edt dal\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b jeho fungov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pod\u00edvejte se na nej\u010dast\u011bji kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o manu\u00e1ln\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed a na zdroje, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete vyu\u017e\u00edt, kdy\u017e se budete u\u010dit, jak se st\u00e1t lep\u0161\u00edm manu\u00e1ln\u00edm testerem.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Nejlepsi_kurzy_o_automatizaci_manualniho_testovani\"><\/span><strong>1. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed kurzy o automatizaci manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; &#8222;Z\u00e1klady automatizace testov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8220; &#8211; Udemy<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; &#8222;\u0160kolen\u00ed automatizace testov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8220; &#8211; NobleProg<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; &#8222;\u0160kolen\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed &#8211; Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie&#8220; &#8211; The Knowledge Academy<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; &#8222;Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed a automatick\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8220; &#8211; IT Talent Hub<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Jakych_je_5_nejcastejsich_otazek_pri_pohovoru_na_tema_manualni_testovani\"><\/span><strong>2. Jak\u00fdch je 5 nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ot\u00e1zek p\u0159i pohovoru na t\u00e9ma manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; &#8222;M\u00e1te zku\u0161enosti s manu\u00e1ln\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00edm?&#8220; &#8211; Zji\u0161\u0165uje, zda m\u00e1 uchaze\u010d velk\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti s prac\u00ed v testovac\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; &#8222;Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi manu\u00e1ln\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00edm a automatizac\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed?&#8220; &#8211; Zji\u0161\u0165uje, zda m\u00e1 uchaze\u010d z\u00e1kladn\u00ed technick\u00e9 znalosti o procesech testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; &#8222;Jak jste p\u0159ekonali probl\u00e9my v prost\u0159ed\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru?&#8220; &#8211; Posuzuje schopnosti uchaze\u010de \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my v oblasti manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; &#8222;Jak\u00fd je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1stroj pro podporu manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed?&#8220; &#8211; Vytvo\u0159\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstavu o pracovn\u00edch postupech, kter\u00e9 uchaze\u010d pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, a o tom, zda vyhovuj\u00ed dan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; &#8222;Vyhovuje v\u00e1m pr\u00e1ce v t\u00fdmu?&#8220; &#8211; Informujte tazatele, zda je uchaze\u010d schopen pracovat ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed skupin\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Nejlepsi_vyukove_programy_na_Youtube_o_manualnim_testovani\"><\/span><strong>3. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdukov\u00e9 programy na Youtube o manu\u00e1ln\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; &#8222;Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed (cel\u00fd kurz)&#8220; &#8211; SDET- QA Automation Techie<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; &#8222;SOFTWARE TESTING TUTORIAL &#8211; Master testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru a Crack Job v testov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8220; &#8211; Testov\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru Mentor<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; &#8222;Co je to ru\u010dn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed? | V\u00fdukov\u00fd program manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky | Edureka&#8220; &#8211; edureka!<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; &#8222;Koncepty manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed (funk\u010dn\u00edho)&#8220; &#8211; Naveen AutomationLabs<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; &#8222;V\u00fdukov\u00e9 programy pro manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8220; &#8211; Software Testing Academy<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Jak_udrzovat_manualni_testy\"><\/span><strong>4. Jak udr\u017eovat manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testy?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pro udr\u017een\u00ed manu\u00e1ln\u00edch test\u016f m\u016f\u017eete ud\u011blat n\u011bkolik v\u011bc\u00ed, z nich\u017e prvn\u00ed je p\u00e9\u010de o testery. T\u00edm, \u017ee do <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/?page_id=49652\">centra testovac\u00edch<\/a> proces\u016f postav\u00edte p\u00e9\u010di o zdrav\u00ed, zajist\u00edte, \u017ee v\u0161ichni budou ve stavu, kdy budou moci v\u011bnovat pozornost a pod\u00e1vat maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdkony.<\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b toho se zam\u011b\u0159te na to, abyste m\u011bli k dispozici dobr\u00e9 podp\u016frn\u00e9 struktury. To znamen\u00e1 dohled ze strany mana\u017eer\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed zajist\u00ed, aby testov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo konzistentn\u00ed a pokud mo\u017eno p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161elo p\u0159esn\u00e9 v\u00fdstupy.<\/p>\n<p>Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 mechanick\u00e1 nebo automatizovan\u00e1 \u00fadr\u017eba jako takov\u00e1, ale p\u00e9\u010de o lidi je sama o sob\u011b formou \u00fadr\u017eby va\u0161eho testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A\u0165 u\u017e programujete software pro \u010dleny vlastn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti nebo pro \u0161irokou klientskou z\u00e1kladnu, spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 postupy a r\u00e1mce testov\u00e1n\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e manu\u00e1ln\u00ed, automatick\u00e9 nebo hybridn\u00ed, vedou ke konzistentn\u00ed kvalit\u011b softwaru, lep\u0161\u00ed pov\u011bsti a efektivit\u011b. V z\u00e1vislosti na firm\u011b, pro kterou pracujete, prob\u00edh\u00e1 velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st testov\u00e1n\u00ed formou manu\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed. Zjist\u011bte v\u00edce o tom, co je to manu\u00e1ln\u00ed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14624,"featured_media":11776,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Manu\u00e1ln\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed - typy, proces, n\u00e1stroje a dal\u0161\u00ed!  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