{"id":55497,"date":"2022-07-08T18:11:53","date_gmt":"2022-07-08T18:11:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/hvad-er-einingaprofun-djupt-kafa-i-ferlid-kosti-askoranir-verkfaeri-og-fleira"},"modified":"2022-07-08T18:11:53","modified_gmt":"2022-07-08T18:11:53","slug":"hvad-er-einingaprofun-djupt-kafa-i-ferlid-kosti-askoranir-verkfaeri-og-fleira","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/is\/hvad-er-einingaprofun-djupt-kafa-i-ferlid-kosti-askoranir-verkfaeri-og-fleira","title":{"rendered":"Hva\u00f0 er einingapr\u00f3fun? Dj\u00fapt kafa \u00ed ferli\u00f0, kosti, \u00e1skoranir, verkf\u00e6ri og fleira!"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00de\u00fa g\u00e6tir hafa heyrt verkefnastj\u00f3ra, g\u00e6\u00f0atryggingu og \u00fer\u00f3unara\u00f0ila r\u00edfast um kosti einingapr\u00f3fa og hvort teymi\u00f0 \u00feitt \u00fearfnast \u00feess. Ef \u00feessi \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un er \u00fe\u00edn a\u00f0 taka, hj\u00e1lpar \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 hafa sta\u00f0reyndir svo \u00fe\u00fa getir teki\u00f0 bestu \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unina fyrir verkefni\u00f0 okkar. <\/span><\/p>\n

Eins og flest anna\u00f0 \u00ed hugb\u00fana\u00f0ari\u00f0na\u00f0inum eru kostir og gallar vi\u00f0 einingapr\u00f3fun. A\u00f0 skilja ferli\u00f0, ums\u00f3knir, \u00e1vinning og \u00e1skoranir getur hj\u00e1lpa\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e9r a\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0a hvort einingapr\u00f3f s\u00e9u nau\u00f0synleg fyrir teymi\u00f0 \u00feitt. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Table of Contents<\/p>\nToggle<\/span><\/path><\/svg><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n

  • Hva\u00f0 er einingapr\u00f3fun?<\/a><\/li>
  • Af hverju \u00feurfum vi\u00f0 einingapr\u00f3f?<\/a><\/li>
  • Hva\u00f0 \u00e6ttir \u00fe\u00fa a\u00f0 pr\u00f3fa \u00ed einingapr\u00f3fun (og hva\u00f0 \u00e6ttir \u00fe\u00fa ekki)?<\/a><\/li>
  • Kostir einingapr\u00f3fa<\/a>
    • 1. Sparar t\u00edma og peninga<\/a><\/li>
    • 2. B\u00e6tir g\u00e6\u00f0i<\/a><\/li>
    • 3. Veitir skj\u00f6l<\/a><\/li>
    • 4. Eykur heildar skilvirkni<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>
    • \u00c1skoranir og takmarkanir einingapr\u00f3fa<\/a>
      • 1. Krefst fleiri k\u00f3\u00f0a<\/a><\/li>
      • 2. Tekur ekki \u00e1 \u00f6llum a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um<\/a><\/li>
      • 3. Gerir breytingar erfi\u00f0ar<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>
      • Tegundir einingapr\u00f3fa<\/a>
        • 1. Handvirk einingapr\u00f3fun<\/a><\/li>
        • 2. Sj\u00e1lfvirk einingapr\u00f3fun<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>
        • Einkenni g\u00f3\u00f0s einingapr\u00f3fs<\/a>
          • 1. Einangra\u00f0<\/a><\/li>
          • 2. Hratt<\/a><\/li>
          • 3. Samr\u00e6mt<\/a><\/li>
          • 4. Sj\u00e1lfssko\u00f0un<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>
          • Cutting Through the Jargon: Einingapr\u00f3f vs. sam\u00fe\u00e6ttingarpr\u00f3f<\/a>
            • 1. Hva\u00f0 eru sam\u00fe\u00e6ttingarpr\u00f3f?<\/a><\/li>
            • 2. Einingapr\u00f3f vs. sam\u00fe\u00e6ttingarpr\u00f3f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>
            • Einingapr\u00f3funart\u00e6kni<\/a>
              • 1. Pr\u00f3funart\u00e6kni fyrir hagn\u00fdtur eining<\/a><\/li>
              • 2. Pr\u00f3funart\u00e6kni fyrir byggingareiningar<\/a><\/li>
              • 3. Villu-Based Unit Testing Techniques<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>
              • Ums\u00f3knir um einingapr\u00f3fun<\/a>
                • 1. Extreme Forritun<\/a><\/li>
                • 2. Einingapr\u00f3f \u00e1 tungum\u00e1lastigi<\/a><\/li>
                • 3. Einingapr\u00f3funarrammar<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>
                • Hvernig \u00e1 a\u00f0 skrifa pr\u00f3funartilfelli fyrir einingapr\u00f3fun<\/a>
                  • 1. Pr\u00f3fa\u00f0u til a\u00f0 athuga gilt svar<\/a><\/li>
                  • 2. Pr\u00f3fsv\u00f6run vi\u00f0 \u00f3gildu inntaki<\/a><\/li>
                  • 3. Framkv\u00e6ma margar a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>
                  • Hvernig gerum vi\u00f0 einingapr\u00f3fun?<\/a>
                    • 1. Tilgreina hluta k\u00f3\u00f0ans sem \u00e1 a\u00f0 pr\u00f3fa og \u00e1kvar\u00f0a a\u00f0fer\u00f0ina<\/a><\/li>
                    • 2. Hefja pr\u00f3ftilvik<\/a><\/li>
                    • 3. Yfirfer\u00f0 og endurvinna<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>
                    • D\u00e6mi um einingapr\u00f3f<\/a>
                      • 1. API einingapr\u00f3fun<\/a><\/li>
                      • 2. B\u00edlai\u00f0na\u00f0ur<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>
                      • Bestu starfsvenjur fyrir einingapr\u00f3fun<\/a>
                        • 1. Skrifa\u00f0u og fylgdu einingapr\u00f3funar\u00e1\u00e6tlun<\/a><\/li>
                        • 2. Hugleiddu Tungum\u00e1li\u00f0<\/a><\/li>
                        • 3. Endura\u00f0l\u00f6gun og a\u00f0hvarfspr\u00f3f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>
                        • Hver \u00e6tti a\u00f0 taka \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed einingapr\u00f3fum?<\/a>
                          • 1. Hugb\u00fana\u00f0arh\u00f6nnu\u00f0ir framkv\u00e6ma einingapr\u00f3fun<\/a><\/li>
                          • 2. G\u00e6\u00f0atryggingateymi<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>
                          • Einingapr\u00f3funarg\u00e1tlisti<\/a>
                            • 1. Veldu r\u00e9ttu einingarpr\u00f3funart\u00e6kin<\/a><\/li>
                            • 2. Settu upp til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 \u00e1rangri<\/a><\/li>
                            • 3. Pr\u00f3fk\u00f3\u00f0i fyrir sig<\/a><\/li>
                            • 4. Afrita galla<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li>
                            • Ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a<\/a><\/li>
                            • Algengar spurningar<\/a>
                              • Hva\u00f0 er einingapr\u00f3fun \u00ed C#?<\/a><\/li>
                              • Hva\u00f0 er einingapr\u00f3fun \u00ed Java?<\/a><\/li>
                              • Hva\u00f0 er einingapr\u00f3fun \u00ed hugb\u00fana\u00f0arverkfr\u00e6\u00f0i?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n

                                <\/span>Hva\u00f0 er einingapr\u00f3fun?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

                                Einingapr\u00f3fun er a\u00f0fer\u00f0 til a\u00f0 einangra og pr\u00f3fa s\u00e9rstakar k\u00f3\u00f0aeiningar til a\u00f0 \u00e1kvar\u00f0a virkni hvers \u00edhluta. \u00cd sta\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 pr\u00f3fa hugb\u00fana\u00f0inn<\/a> skiptir \u00feessi a\u00f0fer\u00f0 hann ni\u00f0ur \u00ed sm\u00e6rri hluta til a\u00f0 tryggja r\u00e9ttm\u00e6ti einstakra \u00edhluta.<\/span><\/p>\n

                                <\/span>Af hverju \u00feurfum vi\u00f0 einingapr\u00f3f?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

                                \u00dear sem einingapr\u00f3f eiga s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 venjulega \u00e1 \u00fer\u00f3unarstigi, leyfa \u00feau teymum a\u00f0 bera kennsl \u00e1 og lei\u00f0r\u00e9tta vandam\u00e1l \u00e1\u00f0ur en hugb\u00fana\u00f0urinn er sleppt. Einingapr\u00f3f gera forritara vi\u00f0vart um hugsanlegar villur e\u00f0a ey\u00f0ur sem g\u00e6tu valdi\u00f0 vandam\u00e1lum \u00ed framt\u00ed\u00f0inni og b\u00e6tt heildarg\u00e6\u00f0i og afk\u00f6st.<\/span><\/p>\n

                                Einingapr\u00f3fun er enn nokku\u00f0 umdeilt efni \u00ed greininni. G\u00e6\u00f0atryggingateymi <\/span>meistari hugb\u00fana\u00f0arpr\u00f3funar<\/span><\/a> \u00e1 me\u00f0an k\u00f3\u00f0arar vara vi\u00f0 ofnotkun og f\u00e1 li\u00f0 komast a\u00f0 samkomulagi. A\u00f0 skilja heildarmyndina getur hj\u00e1lpa\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e9r a\u00f0 va\u00f0a \u00ed gegnum r\u00f6kin og komast a\u00f0 bestu \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0uninni fyrir fyrirt\u00e6ki \u00feitt.<\/span><\/p>\n

                                <\/span>Hva\u00f0 \u00e6ttir \u00fe\u00fa a\u00f0 pr\u00f3fa \u00ed einingapr\u00f3fun (og hva\u00f0 \u00e6ttir \u00fe\u00fa ekki)?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

                                Einingapr\u00f3fun er t\u00f3l sem hefur t\u00edma og sta\u00f0 eins og hvert anna\u00f0 t\u00f3l \u00ed vopnab\u00farinu \u00fe\u00ednu til a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta hugb\u00fana\u00f0arskilvirkni og hagkv\u00e6mni. \u00dea\u00f0 getur \u00e1orka\u00f0 miklu en er kannski ekki besti kosturinn \u00feinn \u00ed \u00f6llum a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um. <\/span><\/p>\n

                                \u00dea\u00f0 eru \u00e1berandi kostir vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 nota einingapr\u00f3fun \u00ed eftirfarandi tilfellum:<\/span><\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • Taktu reynsluakstur til a\u00f0 ganga \u00far skugga um a\u00f0 k\u00f3\u00f0inn virki \u00e1\u00f0ur en hann er settur \u00ed notkun.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                • Athuga\u00f0u vinnuna til a\u00f0 sannreyna virkni k\u00f3\u00f0ans og greina hugsanlega galla.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                • Skr\u00e1\u00f0u ferli\u00f0 til a\u00f0 sty\u00f0ja vi\u00f0 bestu starfsvenjur og fylgjast me\u00f0 framf\u00f6rum.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  \u00dea\u00f0 g\u00e6ti veri\u00f0 freistandi a\u00f0 auka notkun einingapr\u00f3fa, en takmarkanir \u00feess g\u00e6tu l\u00edka skapa\u00f0 \u00e1skoranir ef \u00fe\u00fa notar \u00fea\u00f0 vi\u00f0 s\u00e9rstakar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur. Til d\u00e6mis g\u00e6ti \u00fea\u00f0 ekki gefi\u00f0 samr\u00e6mdar e\u00f0a \u00e1rei\u00f0anlegar ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur a\u00f0 framkv\u00e6ma einingapr\u00f3f \u00e1 \u00edhlutum sem vinna me\u00f0 kerfum \u00feri\u00f0ja a\u00f0ila. Verkefni\u00f0 er of fl\u00f3ki\u00f0 til a\u00f0 brj\u00f3ta ni\u00f0ur \u00ed sm\u00e6rri hluti \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 tapa einhverju.<\/span><\/p>\n

                                  Einingapr\u00f3fun skapar einnig vandam\u00e1l me\u00f0 fl\u00f3knum kerfum, eins og gervigreind og<\/span> v\u00e9lmennaferli sj\u00e1lfvirkni (RPA)<\/span><\/a>. \u00de\u00f3 a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fa getir framkv\u00e6mt einingapr\u00f3f \u00ed \u00feessum atbur\u00f0ar\u00e1sum er \u00feetta gr\u00ed\u00f0arlegt verkefni og betri verkf\u00e6ri eru f\u00e1anleg. <\/span><\/p>\n