{"id":74604,"date":"2024-01-04T13:00:35","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T13:00:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele"},"modified":"2024-01-04T13:00:35","modified_gmt":"2024-01-04T13:00:35","slug":"testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele","title":{"rendered":"Testarea negativ\u0103 \u00een testarea software &#8211; Ce este, tipuri, procese, abord\u0103ri, instrumente \u0219i multe altele!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea negativ\u0103 \u00een testarea software este o tehnic\u0103 care verific\u0103 modul \u00een care aplica\u021bia dumneavoastr\u0103 reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la comportamente nea\u0219teptate sau la date invalide. Acest tip de testare poate ajuta echipele de asigurare a calit\u0103\u021bii s\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021beasc\u0103 robuste\u021bea \u0219i stabilitatea software-ului lor, prin depistarea excep\u021biilor care cauzeaz\u0103 bloc\u0103ri, bloc\u0103ri sau alte rezultate nedorite.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen acest articol, vom explora ce este testarea negativ\u0103 a software-ului, de ce este important\u0103 \u0219i c\u00e2teva dintre diferitele abord\u0103ri, tehnici \u0219i instrumente pe care le pute\u021bi utiliza pentru aceast\u0103 tehnic\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #b90000;color:#b90000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #b90000;color:#b90000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#Ce_este_testarea_negativa_a_software-ului\" >Ce este testarea negativ\u0103 a software-ului?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#Diferenta_dintre_testarea_pozitiva_si_cea_negativa\" >Diferen\u021ba dintre testarea pozitiv\u0103 \u0219i cea negativ\u0103<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#testarea_in_testarea_software\" >testarea \u00een testarea software<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#De_ce_este_vitala_testarea_negativa_a_software-ului\" >De ce este vital\u0103 testarea negativ\u0103 a software-ului?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#Care_este_scopul_testarii_negative\" >Care este scopul test\u0103rii negative<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#in_testarea_software\" >\u00een testarea software?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#1_Expunerea_defectelor\" >1. Expunerea defectelor<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#2_Securitate\" >2. Securitate<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#3_Gestionarea_erorilor\" >3. Gestionarea erorilor<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#4_Imbunatatirea_acoperirii_testelor\" >4. \u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea acoperirii testelor<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#5_O_mai_buna_experienta_a_utilizatorului\" >5. O mai bun\u0103 experien\u021b\u0103 a utilizatorului<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#Diferenta_dintre_pozitiv_si_negativ\" >Diferen\u021ba dintre pozitiv \u0219i negativ<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#testarea_in_ingineria_software\" >testarea \u00een ingineria software<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#1_Obiective\" >1. Obiective:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#2_Date\" >2. Date:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#3_Focus\" >3. Focus:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#Diferite_tipuri_de_teste_negative\" >Diferite tipuri de teste negative<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#1_Testarea_valorii_limita\" >#1. Testarea valorii limit\u0103<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#2_Testarea_valorii_de_intrare\" >#2. Testarea valorii de intrare<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#3_Testarea_sarcinii\" >#3. Testarea sarcinii<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#4_Testarea_exceptiilor\" >#4. Testarea excep\u021biilor<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#5_Testarea_securitatii\" >#5. Testarea securit\u0103\u021bii<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#6_Testarea_interfetei_cu_utilizatorul\" >#6. Testarea interfe\u021bei cu utilizatorul<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#7_Testarea_integritatii_datelor\" >#7. Testarea integrit\u0103\u021bii datelor<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#Avantajele_testarii_negative\" >Avantajele test\u0103rii negative<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#Dezavantajele_testarii_negative\" >Dezavantajele test\u0103rii negative<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#Provocari_legate_de_testarea_negativa\" >Provoc\u0103ri legate de testarea negativ\u0103<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#1_Identificarea_scenariilor_negative_in_testarea_software\" >1. Identificarea scenariilor negative \u00een testarea software<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#Acoperire_suficienta\" >Acoperire suficient\u0103:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#Stabilirea_prioritatilor\" >Stabilirea priorit\u0103\u021bilor:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#2_Proiectarea_unor_cazuri_de_testare_negative_adecvate\" >2. Proiectarea unor cazuri de testare negative adecvate<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#Validarea_intrarilor\" >Validarea intr\u0103rilor:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#Diversitatea_datelor\" >Diversitatea datelor:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#3_Eficienta_si_automatizarea_testelor\" >3. Eficien\u021ba \u0219i automatizarea testelor<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#Consumatoare_de_timp\" >Consumatoare de timp:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#Complexitatea_automatizarii\" >Complexitatea automatiz\u0103rii:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#4_Evaluarea_rezultatelor\" >4. Evaluarea rezultatelor<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#False_pozitive\" >False pozitive:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#Rezultate_ambigue\" >Rezultate ambigue:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#Gestionarea_datelor\" >Gestionarea datelor:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#5_Aspecte_organizatorice\" >5. Aspecte organizatorice<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#Lipsa_de_expertiza_in_materie_de_testare_negativa\" >Lipsa de expertiz\u0103 \u00een materie de testare negativ\u0103:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#Presiune_in_afaceri\" >Presiune \u00een afaceri:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#Cum_sa_scrieti_cazuri_de_testare_negativa_a_testelor_software\" >Cum s\u0103 scrie\u021bi cazuri de testare negativ\u0103 a testelor software<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#1_Stabiliti-va_obiectivele\" >#1. Stabili\u021bi-v\u0103 obiectivele<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#2_Descrieti_scenariile_negative_potentiale\" >#2. Descrie\u021bi scenariile negative poten\u021biale<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#3_Descrieti_rezultatele_asteptate\" >#3. Descrie\u021bi rezultatele a\u0219teptate<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#4_Selectati_intrarile_de_testat\" >#4. Selecta\u021bi intr\u0103rile de testat<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#5_Scrieti_cazurile_de_testare\" >#5. Scrie\u021bi cazurile de testare<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#6_Programati_testul\" >#6. Programa\u021bi testul<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#Exemplu_de_caz_de_test_negativ\" >Exemplu de caz de test negativ<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#Exemple_de_scenarii_negative_in_testarea_software\" >Exemple de scenarii negative \u00een testarea software<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#1_Tipuri_de_date_si_de_campuri\" >1. Tipuri de date \u0219i de c\u00e2mpuri<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#2_Campuri_obligatorii\" >2. C\u00e2mpuri obligatorii<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#3_Numarul_corespunzator_de_caractere\" >3. Num\u0103rul corespunz\u0103tor de caractere<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#4_Limite_si_limite_ale_datelor\" >4. Limite \u0219i limite ale datelor<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#Cele_mai_bune_practici_pentru_testarea_negativa\" >Cele mai bune practici pentru testarea negativ\u0103<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#1_Definiti_intrarile_invalide\" >1. Defini\u021bi intr\u0103rile invalide:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#2_Utilizati_analiza_valorii_limita\" >2. Utiliza\u021bi analiza valorii limit\u0103:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#3_Compartimentarea_prin_echivalenta_a_angajatilor\" >3. Compartimentarea prin echivalen\u021b\u0103 a angaja\u021bilor:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#4_Imitati_utilizatorii_rai\" >4. Imita\u021bi utilizatorii r\u0103i:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#5_Lasati_riscul_si_impactul_sa_va_ghideze_testarea\" >5. L\u0103sa\u021bi riscul \u0219i impactul s\u0103 v\u0103 ghideze testarea:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#6_Verificarea_gestionarii_erorilor\" >6. Verificarea gestion\u0103rii erorilor:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#7_Automatizati_cat_mai_mult_posibil\" >7. Automatiza\u021bi c\u00e2t mai mult posibil:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#Cele_mai_bune_instrumente_de_testare_negativa_pentru_2024\" >Cele mai bune instrumente de testare negativ\u0103 pentru 2024<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/testarea-negativa-in-testarea-software-ce-este-tipuri-procese-abordari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\/#Ganduri_finale\" >G\u00e2nduri finale<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ce_este_testarea_negativa_a_software-ului\"><\/span><strong>Ce este testarea negativ\u0103 a software-ului?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img data-dominant-color=\"8e8185\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #8e8185;\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-73982 not-transparent\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Incremental-testing-in-Software-testing-1024x684.webp\" alt=\"Testarea incremental\u0103 \u00een testarea de software - O scufundare profund\u0103 \u00een ce este, tipuri, procese, abord\u0103ri, instrumente \u0219i multe altele!\" width=\"588\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Incremental-testing-in-Software-testing-1024x684.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Incremental-testing-in-Software-testing-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Incremental-testing-in-Software-testing-768x513.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Incremental-testing-in-Software-testing-1536x1026.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Incremental-testing-in-Software-testing-1080x721.webp 1080w, https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Incremental-testing-in-Software-testing-1280x855.webp 1280w, https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Incremental-testing-in-Software-testing-980x654.webp 980w, https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Incremental-testing-in-Software-testing-480x321.webp 480w, https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Incremental-testing-in-Software-testing-jpeg.webp 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 588px) 100vw, 588px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea negativ\u0103 este o tehnic\u0103 de testare a software-ului care alimenteaz\u0103 \u00een mod inten\u021bionat un sistem cu intr\u0103ri invalide sau date nea\u0219teptate pentru a vedea cum gestioneaz\u0103 aceste scenarii. Cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i sub numele de testarea e\u0219ecurilor sau testarea c\u0103ilor de eroare, aceast\u0103 abordare simuleaz\u0103 o gam\u0103 variat\u0103 de scenarii din lumea real\u0103 pe care le va \u00eent\u00e2lni aplica\u021bia dumneavoastr\u0103, cum ar fi introducerea de c\u0103tre utilizatori a unor date sau caractere invalide sau utilizarea anumitor func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi \u00een moduri pe care nu le-a\u021bi inten\u021bionat niciodat\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Majoritatea tipurilor de testare utilizeaz\u0103 date valide pentru a testa o aplica\u021bie. Cu toate acestea, testarea negativ\u0103 are o abordare diferit\u0103, test\u00e2nd \u00een jurul marginilor \u0219i dincolo de intr\u0103rile tipice \u0219i observ\u00e2nd modul \u00een care aplica\u021bia gestioneaz\u0103 excep\u021biile.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Este important s\u0103 testa\u021bi dac\u0103 aplica\u021bia dumneavoastr\u0103 func\u021bioneaz\u0103 a\u0219a cum a fost conceput\u0103. Dar, pe de alt\u0103 parte, este vital s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd utilizatorii nu respect\u0103 cerin\u021bele, \u00een special dac\u0103 aceste utiliz\u0103ri neinten\u021bionate provoac\u0103 bloc\u0103ri, \u00eenghe\u021b\u0103ri sau alte defecte.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diferenta_dintre_testarea_pozitiva_si_cea_negativa\"><\/span><strong>Diferen\u021ba dintre testarea pozitiv\u0103 \u0219i cea negativ\u0103<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"testarea_in_testarea_software\"><\/span><strong>  testarea \u00een testarea software<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img data-dominant-color=\"acaeab\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #acaeab;\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-66061 not-transparent\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/pexels-thisisengineering-3862619-jpg.webp\" alt=\"beneficiile rpa\" width=\"640\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/pexels-thisisengineering-3862619-jpg.webp 640w, https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/pexels-thisisengineering-3862619-480x720.webp 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 640px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dup\u0103 cum am subliniat mai sus, testarea negativ\u0103 utilizeaz\u0103 date nea\u0219teptate sau invalide pentru a verifica comportamentul unui sistem. \u00cen schimb, testarea pozitiv\u0103 utilizeaz\u0103 date a\u0219teptate sau valide pentru a verifica dac\u0103 sistemul func\u021bioneaz\u0103 a\u0219a cum se a\u0219teapt\u0103.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cu alte cuvinte:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea pozitiv\u0103 v\u0103 ajut\u0103 s\u0103 \u00een\u021belege\u021bi dac\u0103 aplica\u021bia dumneavoastr\u0103 func\u021bioneaz\u0103 a\u0219a cum a fost planificat\u0103.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea negativ\u0103 determin\u0103 dac\u0103 aplica\u021bia dvs. poate gestiona evenimente nea\u0219teptate<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At\u00e2t testarea pozitiv\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i testarea negativ\u0103 \u00een testarea software sunt necesare dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 v\u0103 testa\u021bi riguros aplica\u021bia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"De_ce_este_vitala_testarea_negativa_a_software-ului\"><\/span><strong>De ce este vital\u0103 testarea negativ\u0103 a software-ului?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img data-dominant-color=\"302b27\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #302b27;\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-65944 not-transparent\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/pexels-mikhail-fesenko-9553909-jpg.webp\" alt=\"de ce este esen\u021bial\u0103 testarea negativ\u0103?\" width=\"288\" height=\"432\"><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Atunci c\u00e2nd dezvoltatorii construiesc un software, au o idee clar\u0103 despre modul \u00een care se a\u0219teapt\u0103 ca utilizatorul s\u0103 \u00eel foloseasc\u0103. Cu toate acestea, utilizatorii nu respect\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna regulile. Destul de des, ace\u0219tia vor \u00eencerca s\u0103 dea clic pe butoane care nu exist\u0103, s\u0103 introduc\u0103 litere \u00een c\u00e2mpuri numerice sau s\u0103 \u00eencerce s\u0103 introduc\u0103 date la care nu v\u0103 a\u0219tepta\u021bi.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea negativ\u0103 are ca scop s\u0103 ia \u00een considerare aceste cazuri limit\u0103 care nu pot fi descoperite prin tehnici de testare pozitiv\u0103, cum ar fi <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/ce-este-testarea-unitara-o-scufundare-profunda-in-proces-beneficii-provocari-instrumente-si-multe-altele\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">unitatea<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/ce-este-testarea-sistemului-o-scufundare-in-abordari-tipuri-instrumente-sfaturi-si-trucuri-si-multe-altele\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sistem<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sau <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/ce-este-testarea-de-integrare-o-scufundare-in-profunzime-in-tipuri-procese-si-implementare\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">teste de integrare<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Este nevoie de o g\u00e2ndire neconven\u021bional\u0103 pentru a veni cu &#8222;mingi curbe&#8221; pe care s\u0103 le arunci \u00een sistem. Cu toate acestea, rezultatul net este o aplica\u021bie mai stabil\u0103 \u0219i mai robust\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Care_este_scopul_testarii_negative\"><\/span><strong>Care este scopul test\u0103rii negative<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"in_testarea_software\"><\/span><strong>  \u00een testarea software?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img data-dominant-color=\"7e7883\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #7e7883;\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-65670 not-transparent\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/pexels-startup-stock-photos-7374-jpg.webp\" alt=\"Viitorul automatiz\u0103rii proceselor robotice \u00een domeniul s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii\" width=\"418\" height=\"279\"><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea negativ\u0103 are obiective similare cu cele ale altor tipuri de testare software. \u0218i anume, pentru a descoperi bug-uri, defecte \u0219i vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bi \u00eentr-o aplica\u021bie. Cu toate acestea, ea joac\u0103 un rol special \u00een descoperirea defectelor care nu pot fi descoperite prin utilizarea de date valide. Iat\u0103 c\u00e2teva dintre motivele pentru a adopta o abordare negativ\u0103 a test\u0103rii.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Expunerea_defectelor\"><\/span><strong>1. Expunerea defectelor<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scopul central al test\u0103rii negative \u00een testarea software este de a descoperi defectele care rezult\u0103 din date invalide sau intr\u0103ri nea\u0219teptate. Aceasta le permite testerilor s\u0103 adopte o abordare mai proactiv\u0103 \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te detectarea erorilor \u0219i s\u0103 se asigure c\u0103 software-ul corespunde a\u0219tept\u0103rilor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Securitate\"><\/span><strong>2. Securitate<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Intr\u0103rile nea\u0219teptate sau datele nevalabile pot expune vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bile de securitate. Testarea \u0219i rezolvarea acestor cazuri limit\u0103 duce la o aplica\u021bie mai sigur\u0103 \u0219i mai robust\u0103, reduc\u00e2nd posibilitatea atacurilor r\u0103u inten\u021bionate, a defectelor de injec\u021bie sau a tentativelor de acces neautorizat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Gestionarea_erorilor\"><\/span><strong>3. Gestionarea erorilor<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea negativ\u0103 este util\u0103 pentru validarea gestion\u0103rii erorilor. Nu este vorba doar de asigurarea faptului c\u0103 sistemul r\u0103m\u00e2ne stabil dup\u0103 ce \u00eent\u00e2lne\u0219te intr\u0103ri sau date nea\u0219teptate, ci \u0219i de modul \u00een care r\u0103spunde la aceste evenimente, cum ar fi producerea de mesaje de eroare pentru a se asigura c\u0103 utilizatorul final \u0219tie c\u0103 datele nu sunt valide.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Imbunatatirea_acoperirii_testelor\"><\/span><strong>4. \u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea acoperirii testelor<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testele pozitive \u0219i negative \u00een testarea software sunt extrem de complementare. Ambele acoper\u0103 diferite elemente de introducere a datelor, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 testarea dumneavoastr\u0103 este mai cuprinz\u0103toare.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_O_mai_buna_experienta_a_utilizatorului\"><\/span><strong>5. O mai bun\u0103 experien\u021b\u0103 a utilizatorului<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea negativ\u0103 ajut\u0103 la descoperirea sursei mesajelor de eroare, a blocajelor \u0219i a altor comportamente nea\u0219teptate care pot avea un impact negativ asupra experien\u021bei utilizatorului.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diferenta_dintre_pozitiv_si_negativ\"><\/span><strong>Diferen\u021ba dintre pozitiv \u0219i negativ  <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"testarea_in_ingineria_software\"><\/span><strong>testarea \u00een ingineria software<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-59582\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/img80.png\" alt=\"testarea alfa vs testarea beta\" width=\"195\" height=\"326\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/img80.png 479w, https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/img80-180x300.png 180w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 195px) 100vw, 195px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dup\u0103 cum am men\u021bionat mai sus, testarea negativ\u0103 trimite date nea\u0219teptate sau invalide pentru a verifica comportamentul unui sistem. Testarea pozitiv\u0103, pe de alt\u0103 parte, trimite date a\u0219teptate sau valide pentru a verifica dac\u0103 sistemul func\u021bioneaz\u0103 conform a\u0219tept\u0103rilor.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diferen\u021ba dintre testarea pozitiv\u0103 \u0219i cea negativ\u0103 include:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Obiective\"><\/span><b>1. Obiective:<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea pozitiv\u0103 verific\u0103 dac\u0103 software-ul func\u021bioneaz\u0103 a\u0219a cum este prev\u0103zut; testarea negativ\u0103 urm\u0103re\u0219te s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een scenarii neinten\u021bionate.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Date\"><\/span><b>2. Date:  <\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea pozitiv\u0103 utilizeaz\u0103 date valide, iar testarea negativ\u0103 utilizeaz\u0103 date de intrare nevalabile, valori extreme \u0219i formate nea\u0219teptate.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Focus\"><\/span><strong>3. Focus:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  Testarea pozitiv\u0103 se concentreaz\u0103 asupra scenariilor de succes, \u00een timp ce testarea negativ\u0103 se concentreaz\u0103 mai mult asupra scenariilor nereu\u0219ite.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diferite_tipuri_de_teste_negative\"><\/span><strong>Diferite tipuri de teste negative  <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-59453\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Beta-Testing-What-it-is-Types-Processes-Approaches-Tools-vs.-Alpha-testing-More-1024x683.jpeg\" alt=\"Testarea Beta - Ce este, Tipuri, Procese, Abord\u0103ri, Instrumente, vs. Testarea Alpha \u0219i multe altele!\" width=\"462\" height=\"308\"><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea negativ\u0103 este un concept care acoper\u0103 mai multe abord\u0103ri diferite pentru validarea calit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i integrit\u0103\u021bii unei aplica\u021bii. Iat\u0103 \u0219apte tipuri de teste negative pe care trebuie s\u0103 le cunoa\u0219te\u021bi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Testarea_valorii_limita\"><\/span><strong>#1. Testarea valorii limit\u0103<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea valorilor limit\u0103 urm\u0103re\u0219te s\u0103 testeze software-ul cu intr\u0103ri care se afl\u0103 la limitele sau marginile intervalului de intrare. Acesta testeaz\u0103 at\u00e2t valorile maxime \u0219i minime a\u0219teptate, c\u00e2t \u0219i cele care dep\u0103\u0219esc aceste intr\u0103ri.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Exemplu:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  Un c\u00e2mp de introducere accept\u0103 numere \u00eentre 1-9. Un test al valorii limit\u0103 va introduce at\u00e2t 1 c\u00e2t \u0219i 9, dar va testa \u0219i 0 \u0219i 10.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Testarea_valorii_de_intrare\"><\/span><strong>#2. Testarea valorii de intrare<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea valorii de intrare determin\u0103 modul \u00een care sistemul va r\u0103spunde la intr\u0103ri nea\u0219teptate sau invalide. Unele dintre intr\u0103rile pe care le va testa includ:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tipuri de date incorecte  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Valori \u00een afara intervalului  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Caractere speciale  <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e2mpuri goale.  <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Exemplu: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O caset\u0103 de introducere a datelor necesit\u0103 doar un num\u0103r, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t testul va introduce o liter\u0103 \u0219i va vedea cum r\u0103spunde sistemul.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Testarea_sarcinii\"><\/span><strong>#3. Testarea sarcinii<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/ce-este-testarea-de-incarcare-o-scufundare-profunda-in-tipuri-practici-instrumente-provocari-si-multe-altele\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea sarcinii<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00eei ajut\u0103 pe testeri s\u0103 evalueze modul \u00een care sistemul va reac\u021biona \u00een condi\u021bii de stres sau de sarcini grele, cum ar fi seturi mari de date sau volume mari de trafic. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/un-ghid-complet-pentru-automatizarea-testelor-software\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Instrumente de automatizare a testelor <\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pot simula aceste condi\u021bii extreme pentru a \u00een\u021belege cum reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 sistemul \u00een condi\u021bii de constr\u00e2ngere.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Exemplu:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Testerul va simula mii de utilizatori simultani care acceseaz\u0103 un site web.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Testarea_exceptiilor\"><\/span><strong>#4. Testarea excep\u021biilor<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acest tip de testare exploreaz\u0103 modul \u00een care sistemul va r\u0103spunde la evenimente excep\u021bionale sau erori. Unele dintre teste includ  <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Simularea c\u0103derilor de sistem<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E\u0219ecuri de re\u021bea<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Erori \u00een baza de date<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Probleme de spa\u021biu pe disc<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fi\u0219iere lips\u0103.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Exemplu: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testul ar putea explora ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd un utilizator descarc\u0103 un fi\u0219ier din aplica\u021bie, iar internetul este \u00eentrerupt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Testarea_securitatii\"><\/span><strong>#5. Testarea securit\u0103\u021bii<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testele de securitate utilizeaz\u0103 o abordare negativ\u0103 a testelor pentru a eviden\u021bia \u0219i a \u00een\u021belege vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bile din software care pot fi expuse prin intr\u0103ri nevalabile sau nea\u0219teptate. Aceast\u0103 abordare testeaz\u0103 atacurile comune, cum ar fi:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Injec\u021bie SQL<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scripting \u00eencruci\u0219at pe site (XSS)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dep\u0103\u0219iri de memorie tampon.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Exemplu:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Un test de securitate ar putea \u00eencerca s\u0103 injecteze un cod mali\u021bios \u00eentr-un c\u00e2mp de introducere a datelor de c\u0103tre utilizator.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Testarea_interfetei_cu_utilizatorul\"><\/span><strong>#6. Testarea interfe\u021bei cu utilizatorul<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acest tip de testare se concentreaz\u0103 pe erorile care apar atunci c\u00e2nd utilizatorul interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu software-ul. Printre lucrurile pe care va \u00eencerca s\u0103 le determine se num\u0103r\u0103:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R\u0103spunsuri nea\u0219teptate la interac\u021biunile utilizatorului<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mesaje de eroare incorecte<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Probleme de naviga\u021bie  <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Exemplu: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testul va explora ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd anumite ac\u021biuni sunt executate \u00een afara secven\u021bei.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Testarea_integritatii_datelor\"><\/span><strong>#7. Testarea integrit\u0103\u021bii datelor<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea integrit\u0103\u021bii datelor asigur\u0103 faptul c\u0103 datele r\u0103m\u00e2n exacte \u0219i consecvente \u00eentr-o varietate de opera\u021biuni din cadrul aplica\u021biei. Printre lucrurile care fac obiectul testului se num\u0103r\u0103:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Corup\u021bii poten\u021biale ale datelor<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scenarii de pierdere a datelor<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Modific\u0103ri neinten\u021bionate ale datelor<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Exemplu:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Testul va verifica dac\u0103 datele r\u0103m\u00e2n neschimbate dup\u0103 o transmisie.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dup\u0103 cum pute\u021bi vedea, exist\u0103 o mul\u021bime de abord\u0103ri diferite ale testelor negative. Ceea ce au toate acestea \u00een comun este utilizarea unor intr\u0103ri nea\u0219teptate sau a unor date nevalabile pentru a vedea cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 aplica\u021bia \u00een condi\u021bii atipice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Avantajele_testarii_negative\"><\/span><strong>Avantajele test\u0103rii negative<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-58915\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/pexels-artem-podrez-8518633.jpg\" alt=\"avantaje privind testarea negativ\u0103\" width=\"502\" height=\"335\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/pexels-artem-podrez-8518633.jpg 502w, https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/pexels-artem-podrez-8518633-480x320.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 502px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea negativ\u0103 const\u0103 \u00een \u00een\u021belegerea modului \u00een care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 aplica\u021bia dvs. atunci c\u00e2nd apar situa\u021bii nea\u0219teptate. Iat\u0103 c\u00e2teva dintre principalele beneficii ale acestei abord\u0103ri.  <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aceasta v\u0103 ajut\u0103 s\u0103 \u00een\u021belege\u021bi impactul pe care intr\u0103rile nea\u0219teptate sau datele invalide \u00eel vor avea asupra aplica\u021biei dumneavoastr\u0103. Se va pr\u0103bu\u0219i? Scuip\u0103 un mesaj de eroare inexact?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea negativ\u0103 face parte dintr-o abordare responsabil\u0103 a asigur\u0103rii calit\u0103\u021bii, deoarece urm\u0103re\u0219te s\u0103 identifice punctele slabe ale sistemului.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea negativ\u0103 pune software-ul la \u00eencercare prin testarea r\u0103spunsului s\u0103u la scenarii neprev\u0103zute sau neanticipate pe care le va \u00eent\u00e2lni \u00een mediul natural.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Din nou, testarea negativ\u0103 este o component\u0103 esen\u021bial\u0103 a unei abord\u0103ri complete a securit\u0103\u021bii, deoarece eviden\u021biaz\u0103 vectorii poten\u021biali de atac de care ar putea profita atacatorii cibernetici.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dezavantajele_testarii_negative\"><\/span><strong>Dezavantajele test\u0103rii negative<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-56614\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/checklist-uat-1024x683.jpeg\" alt=\"lista de verificare uat, instrumente de testare a aplica\u021biilor web, automatizare \u0219i multe altele\" width=\"629\" height=\"419\"><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea negativ\u0103 ofer\u0103 o multitudine de beneficii, dar are \u0219i unele dezavantaje care trebuie dep\u0103\u0219ite.  <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testele negative am\u0103nun\u021bite pot necesita hardware \u0219i software suplimentare, ceea ce poate cre\u0219te costurile de testare. Pentru echipele care opereaz\u0103 cu un buget restr\u00e2ns, acest lucru poate fi dezavantajos.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea negativ\u0103 poate fi destul de consumatoare de timp, deoarece necesit\u0103 crearea a numeroase cazuri de testare pentru a acoperi diferitele permut\u0103ri ale intr\u0103rilor cu care se va confrunta software-ul \u00een produc\u021bie.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exist\u0103 limite \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te num\u0103rul de situa\u021bii imprevizibile pe care le pute\u021bi acoperi cu teste negative. \u00centr-adev\u0103r, unele situa\u021bii pot fi at\u00e2t de nea\u0219teptate \u00eenc\u00e2t testerii nu le pot lua \u00een considerare.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Automatizarea cazurilor de testare negative este o provocare. Cu toate acestea, cu software-ul potrivit, cum ar fi ZAPTEST, procesul este mult mai u\u0219or de gestionat.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Provocari_legate_de_testarea_negativa\"><\/span><strong>Provoc\u0103ri legate de testarea negativ\u0103<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-56575\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/UAT-testing-comparison-to-regression-testing-and-other-1024x683.jpeg\" alt=\"Compararea testelor UAT cu testele de regresie \u0219i cu alte teste.\" width=\"423\" height=\"282\"><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea negativ\u0103 este crucial\u0103 dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 construi\u021bi un software robust \u0219i fiabil, capabil s\u0103 reziste la stresul \u0219i tensiunea interac\u021biunii cu utilizatorii. Cu toate acestea, exist\u0103 unele provoc\u0103ri la punerea \u00een aplicare a acestei abord\u0103ri, de care trebuie s\u0103 fi\u021bi con\u0219tien\u021bi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u0103 analiz\u0103m c\u00e2teva dintre cele mai persistente provoc\u0103ri.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Identificarea_scenariilor_negative_in_testarea_software\"><\/span><strong>1. Identificarea scenariilor negative \u00een testarea software<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Acoperire_suficienta\"><\/span><b>Acoperire suficient\u0103:<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Una dintre cele mai mari provoc\u0103ri ale testelor negative este s\u0103 v\u0103 asigura\u021bi c\u0103 acoperi\u021bi suficiente scenarii nea\u0219teptate. Exist\u0103 o mul\u021bime de scenarii \u0219i permut\u0103ri negative, a\u0219a c\u0103, pentru a le lua \u00een considerare pe toate, este necesar\u0103 o abordare creativ\u0103 pentru a v\u0103 imagina modul \u00een care utilizatorii vor interac\u021biona cu software-ul.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Stabilirea_prioritatilor\"><\/span><b>Stabilirea priorit\u0103\u021bilor:  <\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cu at\u00e2t de multe scenarii negative poten\u021biale care trebuie analizate la microscop, testerii nu sunt \u00eentotdeauna siguri de unde ar trebui s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103. Unele criterii solide pentru a evalua ce trebuie s\u0103 prioritizezi includ previziunile:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  Situa\u021bii cu o probabilitate ridicat\u0103 de defecte  <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  Gravitatea rezultatului defectelor.  <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Proiectarea_unor_cazuri_de_testare_negative_adecvate\"><\/span><strong>2. Proiectarea unor cazuri de testare negative adecvate<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Validarea_intrarilor\"><\/span><b>Validarea intr\u0103rilor:  <\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Proiectarea unor cazuri solide de testare negativ\u0103 necesit\u0103 o \u00een\u021belegere destul de cuprinz\u0103toare a comportamentului, arhitecturii \u0219i limit\u0103rilor sistemului dumneavoastr\u0103. Testarea software-ului necesit\u0103 utilizarea unor date \u0219i intr\u0103ri atent analizate. \u00cen timp ce o abordare aleatorie v\u0103 poate ajuta s\u0103 descoperi\u021bi unele defecte, aceasta p\u0103le\u0219te \u00een compara\u021bie cu o abordare mai precis\u0103 \u0219i mai sistematic\u0103 a testelor negative.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diversitatea_datelor\"><\/span><b>Diversitatea datelor:  <\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen func\u021bie de particularit\u0103\u021bile sistemului dvs., este posibil s\u0103 ave\u021bi nevoie s\u0103 testa\u021bi un set destul de divers de date. \u00centr-adev\u0103r, exist\u0103 multe formate de date diferite, cum ar fi numere, text, date \u0219i a\u0219a mai departe, fiecare dintre acestea put\u00e2nd fi acceptat de aplica\u021bia dumneavoastr\u0103. Provocarea const\u0103 \u00een conceperea unor cazuri de testare care s\u0103 poat\u0103 lua \u00een considerare fiecare format \u0219i, \u00een special, fiecare varia\u021bie a datelor invalide. Aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie poate fi destul de consumatoare de timp pentru echipele de testare.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Eficienta_si_automatizarea_testelor\"><\/span><strong>3. Eficien\u021ba \u0219i automatizarea testelor<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Consumatoare_de_timp\"><\/span><b>Consumatoare de timp:  <\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea pozitiv\u0103 are ca scop validarea software-ului \u00een raport cu rezultatele a\u0219teptate. Testarea negativ\u0103, pe de alt\u0103 parte, trebuie s\u0103 se plonjeze \u00een nea\u0219teptat \u0219i s\u0103 exploreze scenariile poten\u021biale. Parcurgerea unui teritoriu neexplorat necesit\u0103 mai mult timp. Prin urmare, dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 ob\u021bine\u021bi rezultatele complete care vin odat\u0103 cu testele negative, trebuie s\u0103 fi\u021bi preg\u0103tit s\u0103 investi\u021bi c\u00e2teva ore suplimentare.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Complexitatea_automatizarii\"><\/span><b>Complexitatea automatiz\u0103rii:  <\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea negativ\u0103 poate necesita mult timp \u0219i resurse. Ca atare, este un loc de munc\u0103 perfect pentru automatizarea testelor software. Cu toate acestea, exist\u0103 anumite complexit\u0103\u021bi care trebuie dep\u0103\u0219ite. De exemplu, conceperea de cazuri de testare care s\u0103 defineasc\u0103 rezultatele a\u0219teptate pentru intr\u0103ri nea\u0219teptate necesit\u0103 o anumit\u0103 experien\u021b\u0103 \u0219i know-how. \u00cen plus, este posibil ca structura existent\u0103 pentru testele de automatizare s\u0103 nu suporte datele invalide pe care dori\u021bi s\u0103 le introduce\u021bi \u00een aplica\u021bie, ad\u0103ug\u00e2nd un nivel suplimentar de complexitate.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Evaluarea_rezultatelor\"><\/span><strong>4. Evaluarea rezultatelor<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"False_pozitive\"><\/span><b>False pozitive:  <\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Calibrarea testelor pentru a asigura un echilibru satisf\u0103c\u0103tor \u00eentre acurate\u021be \u0219i exhaustivitate este o problem\u0103 familiar\u0103 pentru cei care efectueaz\u0103 teste negative. \u00cen unele situa\u021bii, gestionarea erorilor prea sensibil\u0103 va confunda \u00een mod eronat intr\u0103rile valide cu intr\u0103rile negative, ceea ce duce la pierderea de timp pentru probleme care nu sunt relevante.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rezultate_ambigue\"><\/span><b>Rezultate ambigue:  <\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Atunci c\u00e2nd un sistem prime\u0219te o intrare invalid\u0103, aceasta poate duce la blocaje, erori sau bloc\u0103ri. \u00cen multe cazuri, acesta este un semn sigur al unei erori. Cu toate acestea, \u00een alte cazuri, este o dovad\u0103 a unui caz limit\u0103 netransmis pe care dezvoltatorii nu l-au luat \u00een considerare. Este important s\u0103 se fac\u0103 distinc\u021bia \u00eentre aceste situa\u021bii discrete, dar investigarea adev\u0103ratei cauze necesit\u0103 mult timp.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gestionarea_datelor\"><\/span><b>Gestionarea datelor:  <\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea negativ\u0103 necesit\u0103 o cantitate considerabil\u0103 de date. Aceste informa\u021bii de testare trebuie s\u0103 fie generate \u0219i men\u021binute. \u00cen scenariile de dezvoltare cu termene str\u00e2nse, aceasta este o sarcin\u0103 suplimentar\u0103 care trebuie luat\u0103 \u00een considerare.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Aspecte_organizatorice\"><\/span><strong>5. Aspecte organizatorice<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lipsa_de_expertiza_in_materie_de_testare_negativa\"><\/span><b>Lipsa de expertiz\u0103 \u00een materie de testare negativ\u0103:<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen timp ce testarea negativ\u0103 este popular\u0103, mul\u021bi testeri nu au abilit\u0103\u021bile \u0219i experien\u021ba necesare pentru a implementa acest tip de testare \u00eentr-un mod cuprinz\u0103tor. Proiectarea anumitor cazuri de testare negative este mai pu\u021bin intuitiv\u0103 dec\u00e2t echivalentul lor pozitiv. \u00cen plus, implementarea automatiz\u0103rii testelor poate fi o provocare dac\u0103 nu se dispune de expertiza potrivit\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Presiune_in_afaceri\"><\/span><b>Presiune \u00een afaceri:<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P\u0103r\u021bile interesate, testatorii \u0219i conducerea trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 rolul critic pe care testele negative \u00eel joac\u0103 \u00een dezvoltarea unor aplica\u021bii robuste. Neaprecierea importan\u021bei sale poate duce la presiuni pentru a se concentra pe testele pozitive \u00een detrimentul celor negative.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Este clar c\u0103 exist\u0103 mai multe provoc\u0103ri cu care se confrunt\u0103 echipele care doresc s\u0103 deblocheze beneficiile testelor negative. Cu toate acestea, cu o abordare corect\u0103 \u0219i cu instrumentele de testare software potrivite, pute\u021bi dep\u0103\u0219i aceste probleme \u0219i pute\u021bi construi un software care s\u0103 dep\u0103\u0219easc\u0103 a\u0219tept\u0103rile utilizatorilor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cum_sa_scrieti_cazuri_de_testare_negativa_a_testelor_software\"><\/span><strong>Cum s\u0103 scrie\u021bi cazuri de testare negativ\u0103 a testelor software<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-56671\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/person-wondering-about-software-testing-1024x683.jpeg\" alt=\"clarificarea unor confuzii \u00een automatizarea testelor software\" width=\"501\" height=\"334\"><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scrierea cazurilor de testare negativ\u0103 a testelor software necesit\u0103 o anumit\u0103 experien\u021b\u0103 \u0219i g\u00e2ndire creativ\u0103. Iat\u0103 un ghid pas cu pas pentru a v\u0103 ajuta s\u0103 construi\u021bi aceste cazuri de testare critice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Stabiliti-va_obiectivele\"><\/span><strong>#1. Stabili\u021bi-v\u0103 obiectivele<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cenainte de a scrie cazurile de testare negativ\u0103 pentru testarea software-ului, trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021belege\u021bi de ce dori\u021bi s\u0103 efectua\u021bi o testare negativ\u0103. Nu toate aplica\u021biile beneficiaz\u0103 de testarea negativ\u0103.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A\u0219adar, \u00een\u021belege\u021bi ce dori\u021bi s\u0103 ob\u021bine\u021bi. Testarea negativ\u0103 este conceput\u0103 pentru a descoperi erori \u0219i defec\u021biuni care rezult\u0103 din scenarii sau condi\u021bii nea\u0219teptate de interac\u021biune cu utilizatorul.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Descrieti_scenariile_negative_potentiale\"><\/span><strong>#2. Descrie\u021bi scenariile negative poten\u021biale<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen continuare, trebuie s\u0103 lua\u021bi \u00een considerare tipurile de scenarii negative care pot ap\u0103rea atunci c\u00e2nd utilizatorii interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu software-ul dumneavoastr\u0103. Cercetarea \u00een aceast\u0103 etap\u0103 este crucial\u0103. Unele domenii pe care ar trebui s\u0103 le explora\u021bi sunt:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cerin\u021be de sistem<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cazuri de utilizare tipice<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Caracteristici \u0219i func\u021bii ale aplica\u021biei<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Analiza\u021bi aceste situa\u021bii \u0219i face\u021bi o list\u0103 de scenarii \u00een care aplica\u021bia ar putea s\u0103 nu func\u021bioneze a\u0219a cum a\u021bi dorit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Apoi, lua\u021bi \u00een considerare scenariile de validare a intr\u0103rilor critice. \u00cen mod obi\u0219nuit, acest lucru implic\u0103 formulare de introducere a datelor, c\u00e2mpuri de autentificare \u0219i a\u0219a mai departe.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, lua\u021bi \u00een considerare multitudinea de moduri neconven\u021bionale \u00een care utilizatorii ar putea interac\u021biona cu software-ul dvs. \u0219i evenimentele nea\u0219teptate care pot produce rezultate negative, cum ar fi deconect\u0103ri de re\u021bea, opriri bru\u0219te ale sistemului, transferuri masive de date etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dup\u0103 ce a\u021bi documentat c\u00e2t mai multe scenarii posibile, este timpul s\u0103 determina\u021bi rezultatele a\u0219teptate ale acestor scenarii nea\u0219teptate.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Descrieti_rezultatele_asteptate\"><\/span><strong>#3. Descrie\u021bi rezultatele a\u0219teptate<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fiecare caz de testare trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 un rezultat a\u0219teptat, iar un caz de testare negativ nu este diferit. Cea mai bun\u0103 practic\u0103 \u00een acest caz este s\u0103 scrie\u021bi fiecare scenariu negativ \u0219i s\u0103 stabili\u021bi care ar trebui s\u0103 fie rezultatul.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unele dintre rezultatele poten\u021biale pot include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mesaje de eroare precise \u0219i informative<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Redirec\u021bion\u0103ri adecvate<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gestionarea gra\u021bioas\u0103 a sistemului, de exemplu, prevenirea bloc\u0103rii sau bloc\u0103rii sistemului.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Selectati_intrarile_de_testat\"><\/span><strong>#4. Selecta\u021bi intr\u0103rile de testat<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acum, este timpul s\u0103 vedem ce intr\u0103ri trebuie s\u0103 test\u0103m. Aceste intr\u0103ri ar trebui s\u0103 fie cele care au cele mai mari \u0219anse s\u0103 provoace o eroare sau alte comportamente negative.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unele dintre datele pe care trebuie s\u0103 le include\u021bi sunt:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Valori \u00een afara intervalului (valori negative \u00eentr-un c\u00e2mp de v\u00e2rst\u0103 etc.)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Date nevalabile (litere \u00eentr-un c\u00e2mp numeric etc.)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Caractere sau simboluri nea\u0219teptate<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Caractere speciale<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Date lips\u0103<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Scrieti_cazurile_de_testare\"><\/span><strong>#5. Scrie\u021bi cazurile de testare<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dup\u0103 ce a\u021bi adunat toate scenariile, este timpul s\u0103 scrie\u021bi cazurile de testare. Acum, cu testarea negativ\u0103, exist\u0103 un num\u0103r aproape nelimitat de cazuri de testare pe care le pute\u021bi scrie. La urma urmei, acest tip de testare are rolul de a afla ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd oamenii folosesc software-ul \u00een moduri pe care nu le-a\u021bi inten\u021bionat. Cu toate acestea, termenele limit\u0103 v\u0103 impun s\u0103 reduce\u021bi lista de cazuri poten\u021biale la situa\u021biile care au cea mai mare probabilitate de a cauza probleme.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ca \u00eentotdeauna, scrie\u021bi cazurile de testare \u00eentr-un limbaj clar, concis \u0219i obiectiv. Nu exist\u0103 loc pentru ambiguitate aici.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Iat\u0103 un format bun pentru cazurile de testare negative.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Utiliza\u021bi un ID de caz de testare<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Descrie\u021bi cu exactitate ce se testeaz\u0103<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nota\u021bi orice condi\u021bii prealabile pentru testul negativ<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Descrie\u021bi setul de etape implicate<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stabilirea unor rezultate clare \u0219i obiective<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nota\u021bi rezultatul real al testului dvs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Programati_testul\"><\/span><strong>#6. Programa\u021bi testul<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acum, trebuie s\u0103 v\u0103 programa\u021bi testele. Din nou, este important s\u0103 se acorde prioritate scenariilor care au cele mai grave rezultate negative, cum ar fi accidentele, sau \u00een care este cel mai probabil ca problemele s\u0103 fie descoperite.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exemplu_de_caz_de_test_negativ\"><\/span><strong>Exemplu de caz de test negativ<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Iat\u0103 un exemplu de caz de test negativ.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>ID-ul cazului de testare:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> TC001<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Descriere:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Verifica\u021bi dac\u0103 se afi\u0219eaz\u0103 un mesaj de eroare \u00een cazul \u00een care utilizatorul introduce o adres\u0103 de e-mail invalid\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Condi\u021bii prealabile: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Utilizatorul trebuie s\u0103 se afle pe pagina de autentificare a aplica\u021biei<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Pa\u0219i:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  1. Introduce\u021bi o adres\u0103 de e-mail invalid\u0103. 2. Ap\u0103sa\u021bi &#8222;Login&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Rezultatul a\u0219teptat: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Atunci c\u00e2nd utilizatorul apas\u0103 pe butonul &#8222;Login&#8221;, apare un mesaj de eroare care spune &#8222;adresa de e-mail introdus\u0103 incorect&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Rezultat: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cenregistra\u021bi ce s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat atunci c\u00e2nd a fost selectat\u0103 op\u021biunea &#8222;Login&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exemple_de_scenarii_negative_in_testarea_software\"><\/span><strong>Exemple de scenarii negative \u00een testarea software<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-56711\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/checklist-software-testing-processes-1024x683.jpeg\" alt=\"lista de verificare a proceselor de testare software\" width=\"476\" height=\"317\"><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Iat\u0103 c\u00e2teva scenarii tipice pe care le pute\u021bi verifica folosind metode de testare negative.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Tipuri_de_date_si_de_campuri\"><\/span><strong>1. Tipuri de date \u0219i de c\u00e2mpuri<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dac\u0103 a\u021bi completat un formular online, \u0219ti\u021bi c\u0103 aceste c\u0103su\u021be sunt setate pentru a accepta anumite tipuri de date. Unele sunt doar numere, \u00een timp ce altele accept\u0103 date, text sau alte tipuri de date.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea negativ\u0103 pentru aceste c\u0103su\u021be implic\u0103 trimiterea de date invalide, de exemplu, introducerea de litere \u00eentr-un c\u00e2mp numeric.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Campuri_obligatorii\"><\/span><strong>2. C\u00e2mpuri obligatorii<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Din nou, c\u00e2mpurile obligatorii sunt caracteristici comune ale formularelor \u0219i aplica\u021biilor. Acestea reprezint\u0103 un instrument util pentru a se asigura c\u0103 toate informa\u021biile esen\u021biale sunt colectate \u00eenainte ca utilizatorul s\u0103 treac\u0103 la etapa urm\u0103toare.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un bun caz de testare pentru aceste scenarii presupune s\u0103 vedem ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd aceste c\u00e2mpuri sunt l\u0103sate goale. \u00centr-un scenariu ideal, ar trebui s\u0103 se declan\u0219eze un mesaj de eroare, \u00eendemn\u00e2nd utilizatorul s\u0103 completeze c\u00e2mpul necesar.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Numarul_corespunzator_de_caractere\"><\/span><strong>3. Num\u0103rul corespunz\u0103tor de caractere  <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi o aplica\u021bie de pagini web \u00een curs de testare, este posibil s\u0103 ave\u021bi un c\u00e2mp de date care necesit\u0103 un num\u0103r limitat de caractere. Acestea pot fi nume de utilizator, numere de telefon, numere de \u00eenregistrare \u0219i a\u0219a mai departe.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pute\u021bi crea cazuri de testare negative pentru aceste c\u00e2mpuri, scriind teste care introduc caracterele maxime admise pentru a vedea cum r\u0103spunde aplica\u021bia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Limite_si_limite_ale_datelor\"><\/span><strong>4. Limite \u0219i limite ale datelor<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anumite formulare vor avea c\u00e2mpuri cu limite fixe. De exemplu, dac\u0103 dori\u021bi ca cineva s\u0103 evalueze ceva din 100, limitele datelor ar fi 1-100.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Crea\u021bi un caz de test negativ \u00een care \u00eencerca\u021bi s\u0103 introduce\u021bi 0, 101 sau alte valori negative sau pozitive de la 1 la 100.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cele_mai_bune_practici_pentru_testarea_negativa\"><\/span><strong>Cele mai bune practici pentru testarea negativ\u0103<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-42477\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/remote_generator-1-150x150-1.jpg\" alt=\"diferen\u021be \u0219i asem\u0103n\u0103ri \u00eentre testarea alfa \u0219i beta\" width=\"274\" height=\"274\"><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exist\u0103 mai multe bune practici pentru a asigura o testare negativ\u0103 de \u00eenalt\u0103 calitate. Iat\u0103 c\u00e2teva sfaturi pentru a v\u0103 ajuta s\u0103 ajunge\u021bi acolo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Definiti_intrarile_invalide\"><\/span><b>1. Defini\u021bi intr\u0103rile invalide:  <\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u0103 analiza\u021bi documenta\u021bia de dezvoltare, cazurile de utilizare \u0219i UI\/UX pentru a \u00een\u021belege \u0219i a identifica eventualele intr\u0103ri invalide. Fi\u021bi aten\u021bi la tipurile de date invalide, valorile extreme, datele lips\u0103, c\u00e2mpurile goale, formatele nea\u0219teptate \u0219i multe altele.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Utilizati_analiza_valorii_limita\"><\/span><b>2. Utiliza\u021bi analiza valorii limit\u0103:  <\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dup\u0103 cum s-a men\u021bionat mai sus, contura\u021bi valorile limit\u0103 pentru a g\u0103si cazurile limit\u0103 care pot provoca reac\u021bii nea\u0219teptate.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Compartimentarea_prin_echivalenta_a_angajatilor\"><\/span><b>3. Compartimentarea prin echivalen\u021b\u0103 a angaja\u021bilor:<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Examina\u021bi domeniile de intrare \u0219i \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bi\u021bi-le \u00een parti\u021bii de echivalen\u021b\u0103 at\u00e2t a valorilor valide, c\u00e2t \u0219i a celor invalide. Acest proces ajut\u0103 la reducerea num\u0103rului de cazuri de testare pe care va trebui s\u0103 le scrie\u021bi, deoarece dac\u0103 o bucat\u0103 echivalent\u0103 de date invalide cauzeaz\u0103 probleme pentru o intrare, aceasta va fi probabil reprezentat\u0103 \u00een \u00eentreaga clas\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Imitati_utilizatorii_rai\"><\/span><b>4. Imita\u021bi utilizatorii r\u0103i:<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea pozitiv\u0103 verific\u0103 comportamentul a\u0219teptat al utilizatorului. Testarea negativ\u0103 analizeaz\u0103 ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd oamenii folosesc gre\u0219it aplica\u021bia dumneavoastr\u0103. A\u0219adar, g\u00e2ndi\u021bi-v\u0103 la diferitele scenarii \u00een care se poate \u00eent\u00e2mpla acest lucru \u0219i reproduce\u021bi-le \u00een cazurile de testare.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Lasati_riscul_si_impactul_sa_va_ghideze_testarea\"><\/span><b>5. L\u0103sa\u021bi riscul \u0219i impactul s\u0103 v\u0103 ghideze testarea:  <\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Niciun tester nu are timp nelimitat. La un moment dat, va trebui s\u0103 face\u021bi alegeri dificile, deoarece nu pute\u021bi testa (\u0219i nici m\u0103car nu pute\u021bi cunoa\u0219te) toate rezultatele nea\u0219teptate. Atunci c\u00e2nd trebuie s\u0103 decide\u021bi ce tipuri de teste negative s\u0103 efectua\u021bi, acorda\u021bi prioritate domeniilor care vor aduce cel mai mare risc sau impact negativ asupra produsului dumneavoastr\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Verificarea_gestionarii_erorilor\"><\/span><b>6. Verificarea gestion\u0103rii erorilor:  <\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Asigura\u021bi-v\u0103 c\u0103 gestionarea erorilor face parte integrant\u0103 din testele dumneavoastr\u0103, verific\u00e2nd dac\u0103 mesajele de eroare sunt utile \u0219i precise.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Automatizati_cat_mai_mult_posibil\"><\/span><b>7. Automatiza\u021bi c\u00e2t mai mult posibil:  <\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Automatizarea este capabil\u0103 s\u0103 se ocupe de sarcini banale \u0219i repetitive. Cu toate acestea, testarea negativ\u0103 necesit\u0103 \u00een continuare o abordare manual\u0103 pentru testarea exploratorie \u0219i g\u0103sirea cazurilor limit\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cele_mai_bune_instrumente_de_testare_negativa_pentru_2024\"><\/span><strong>Cele mai bune instrumente de testare negativ\u0103 pentru 2024<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-49014\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/newsletter_background_hq-1024x431.jpg\" alt=\"cele mai bune instrumente de testare software gratuite \u0219i pentru \u00eentreprinderi + instrumente de automatizare RPA\" width=\"1024\" height=\"431\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/newsletter_background_hq-980x413.jpg 980w, https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/newsletter_background_hq-480x202.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen timp ce testarea negativ\u0103 a software-ului este comun\u0103 \u00een \u00eentreaga industrie, exist\u0103 o lips\u0103 de instrumente distincte pentru aceast\u0103 activitate. Un motiv important pentru acest lucru este natura versatil\u0103 a testelor negative. \u00cen plus, multe dintre instrumentele utilizate pentru testele pozitive func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u0219i pentru testele negative, atunci c\u00e2nd se ajusteaz\u0103 datele de intrare.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ZAPTEST<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  este cel <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\">mai bun instrument pentru testarea negativ\u0103<\/a> datorit\u0103 naturii sale versatile \u0219i modulare. Este u\u0219or de utilizat \u0219i personalizabil, iar datorit\u0103 capacit\u0103\u021bilor de utilizare \u00eentre platforme \u0219i \u00eentre aplica\u021bii, ofer\u0103 o flexibilitate greu de egalat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Testarea bazat\u0103 pe date \u0219i <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/videos\/what-is-mutation-testing-in-software-testing\"><br \/>\n  <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">testarea muta\u021biilor<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  fac ca ZAPTEST s\u0103 fie perfect pentru testele negative. \u00cen plus, datorit\u0103  <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/un-ghid-complet-pentru-automatizarea-proceselor-robotice-rpa\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RPA<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  pute\u021bi simula utilizatori din lumea real\u0103, pute\u021bi reutiliza testele \u0219i pute\u021bi crea rapoarte \u0219i documenta\u021bie cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103. Pe scurt, abilitatea ZAPTEST de a rula <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/rpa\">software de<\/a> automatizare software de ultim\u0103 genera\u021bie \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/rpa\">software de automatizare a proceselor robotice<\/a> \u00eel face s\u0103 fie un magazin unic pentru orice sarcin\u0103 de automatizare, inclusiv testarea negativ\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ganduri_finale\"><\/span><strong>G\u00e2nduri finale<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Testarea negativ\u0103 \u00een cadrul test\u0103rii software ajut\u0103 echipele s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 modul \u00een care aplica\u021bia lor va gestiona intr\u0103rile nea\u0219teptate \u0219i datele invalide. \u00cen timp ce testarea pozitiv\u0103 verific\u0103 dac\u0103 software-ul func\u021bioneaz\u0103 a\u0219a cum a fost prev\u0103zut, testarea negativ\u0103 a software-ului v\u0103 ajut\u0103 s\u0103 v\u0103 da\u021bi seama ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd utilizatorii selecteaz\u0103 incorect intr\u0103rile \u0219i datele. Ambele abord\u0103ri sunt importante dac\u0103 dori\u021bi o aplica\u021bie solid\u0103 \u0219i robust\u0103 care s\u0103 fac\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 stresului \u0219i solicit\u0103rilor unei interac\u021biuni diverse cu utilizatorii.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Testarea negativ\u0103 \u00een testarea software este o tehnic\u0103 care verific\u0103 modul \u00een care aplica\u021bia dumneavoastr\u0103 reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la comportamente nea\u0219teptate sau la date invalide. Acest tip de testare poate ajuta echipele de asigurare a calit\u0103\u021bii s\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021beasc\u0103 robuste\u021bea \u0219i stabilitatea software-ului lor, prin depistarea excep\u021biilor care cauzeaz\u0103 bloc\u0103ri, bloc\u0103ri sau alte rezultate nedorite. \u00cen acest articol, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14624,"featured_media":74606,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Testarea negativ\u0103 a software-ului - tipuri, procese, instrumente \u0219i multe altele!","_seopress_titles_desc":"De la defini\u021bie, tipuri, avantaje \u0219i dezavantaje, p\u00e2n\u0103 la exemple \u0219i compara\u021bii cu testele pozitive, afla\u021bi tot ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219ti\u021bi despre testele negative!","_seopress_robots_index":"","_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","content-type":"","footnotes":"","beyondwords_generate_audio":"","beyondwords_integration_method":"","beyondwords_project_id":"","beyondwords_content_id":"","beyondwords_preview_token":"","beyondwords_player_content":"","beyondwords_player_style":"","beyondwords_language_code":"","beyondwords_language_id":"","beyondwords_title_voice_id":"","beyondwords_body_voice_id":"","beyondwords_summary_voice_id":"","beyondwords_error_message":"","beyondwords_disabled":"","beyondwords_delete_content":"","beyondwords_podcast_id":"","beyondwords_hash":"","publish_post_to_speechkit":"","speechkit_hash":"","speechkit_generate_audio":"","speechkit_project_id":"","speechkit_podcast_id":"","speechkit_error_message":"","speechkit_disabled":"","speechkit_access_key":"","speechkit_error":"","speechkit_info":"","speechkit_response":"","speechkit_retries":"","speechkit_status":"","speechkit_updated_at":"","_speechkit_link":"","_speechkit_text":""},"categories":[398],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-74604","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-tipuri-de-testare-software"],"acf":{"short_name":"Testare negativ\u0103"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74604","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14624"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74604"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74604\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/74606"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74604"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=74604"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zaptest.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=74604"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}